English final Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

English final - Essay Example After the incident of the Fukushima catastrophe, authorities have of late come to reconsider the safety protocols and designs of nuclear reactors as a mode of becoming equipped for impending calamities in case they do occur. However, most of those charged with making policies contend that nuclear power is fundamental in bridging the energy insufficiency regularly experienced by most nations because of increasing needs for energy due to industrial development. The nuclear calamity at Fukushima has accentuated majority of the arguments and counterarguments concerning the dire need to accept and adopt nuclear energy (Pineda, 2013). This paper seeks to evaluate the viability of the use of nuclear energy as compared to the challenges that it presents to the contemporary world in both the United States and other nations. There are many impediments and challenges to nuclear power usage and adoption both within the United States and many other countries globally. ... Most people argue, which I agree with, that the use of nuclear energy has the potential to bring about climatic variations; nevertheless, there have remained apprehensions that despite its acceptance, energy costs are expected to upsurge which is a major public fear. Nuclear power setups have encountered resistance in the modern-day world owing to disagreement in relations to its safety that can be owed to reactors failure because of inadequate training, lack of or absence of maintenance, deprived designs and lack of adequate research relating to the complications bedeviling the plants. Similarly, the issue or problem of storing wastes from nuclear reactors has proven to be administratively problematic due to the environment conservational anxieties raised by nation-states and other troubled stakeholders (Gleason et al. 2001). I have already come across literature that suggests that many countries on planet earth have protested or expressed their suspicions that the wastewater emanat ing from the nuclear plants may possibly have reached into waterbodies, as a result polluting it and making it unfit for human consumption (Futami, 2013). In order to ensure that nuclear energy remains both a viable option for energy for the United States and other nations, governments have enacted nuclear programs that are multifaceted in nature. This means that the regulations and policies address the barriers and the challenges inhibiting the development of nuclear energy and ensuring its safety in terms of the health of human beings (Sidel & Levy, 2007). This has been achieved through the addressing of opportunities that aim at developing new technologies and the intellectual capital to shape the global nuclear energy policy and infrastructure.

Australian Wine Essay Example for Free

Australian Wine Essay The Australian Wine industry is one of the largest exporters of wine around the world. Wine is produced in every state. There is approximately 160,000 hectares under vine, about 2500 wineries and 8000 growers. Australia’s wine regions are mainly in the southern, cooler parts of the country, with vineyards located in South Australia, New South Wales, Victoria and Western Australia. South Australia produces over 50% of all Australian wine. The wine regions in these states produce different wine varieties and styles which take advantage of the particular Terroir such as climatic differences and soil types. The common wine is blended wine especially red wine. E. g. Grenache Syrah Mouvedre (GSM) One example of multi-state blend is Cabernet Syrah. Cabernet is from South Australia and the Syrah is from Victoria. First vines arrived from Cape of Good Hope to New South Wales by Governor Philip on the First Fleet (1788). First attempt at wine making from these vines failed, but other settlers managed to successfully cultivate vines for winemaking. The first vineyard was established at Parramatta by a German settler, Philip Schaffer in 1791. The very first Australian vintage is in 1795. Early Australian winemakers faced many difficulties and problems due to the unfamiliar Australian climate. In 1880s Australia was struck by Phylloxera. South Australia survived the well as lot of the land was resistant to the Aphid. Australian wine was available for sale domestically by the 1820s and during this time Gregory Blaxland became the first person to export Australian wine, and was the first winemaker to win an overseas award. There are 2 distinct weather patterns. Firstly, the spring rains, dry summers, average temperature of 25-35 degrees Celsius and some maritime influences affects West Australia, South Australia, Victoria and Tasmania. Secondly, the tropical based systems bring higher temperatures and higher humidity from the north. It affects mainly New South Wales and northern territories. The low cloud in New South Wales is an advantage to grape growing. The modern challenges are drought, fire and flood. The red varietals are Shiraz, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot and Pinot noir. The White varietals are Chardonnay, Riesling, Sauvignon Blanc and Semillon. Australia has no native grapes, and Vitis vinifera varieties were introduced from Europe and South Africa. Some varieties have been bred by Australian viticulturalists. E. g. Cienna and Tarrango. About 130 different grape varieties are used by commercial winemakers. Australian winemaking results have been remarkable and it has established standard number of varietals, such as Chardonnay and Shiraz.

Recess Games Essay -- Argumentative Persuasive papers

Recess Games Better safe than sorry. An expression Americans are exposed to and familiar with, especially parental figures. Adults who are new to the parenting game live by this guideline. A parent or guardian’s sole concern is the safety of their children. Their actions will probably be based on texts read or on first-hand experience, but instinctually, parents will play the safety game. It is this instinct and concern for young students’ safety that is causing school districts across the nation to review what recess-like games are appropriate in the elementary school setting. Games such as tag, dodge-ball, and football are a risk to student safety and should be removed from the public school system despite the developmental strengths the games possess. School systems across the country (including those in New York, Virginia, Maryland, Maine, Ohio, Texas, and California) are reviewing the dangers of schoolyard play. Simply, the student-teacher ratio is far too great to effectively maintain a safe atmosphere for children to play in. 70% of accidents and injuries come from falling off equipment, which still leaves three in ten incidents relating to kids playing rough. Many school districts have already banned games on the playground that violate a â€Å"no-touch† policy. These games, however, are still allowed in the physical education aspect of the day, under close adult supervision. For the most part, each school is in charge of its own restrictions that will be enforced. The â€Å"no-touch† policy is a popular choice. The degree of restriction varies, but the general trend protecting safety is to allow no contact games; no pushing or grabbing; in football, no tackling or blocking; and, no games that can result in shou ting and hurt... ...es and activities, taking the same exams and doing the same homework for years. They will fight for each other’s approval and respect. All these things that can be accomplished outdoors have just safely been moved to a desk in a closely supervised room. At recess, children learn to interact with one another, to govern themselves and have a good time all at once. Not to mention the motor skills gained. But the price of all this is too high. In the event a child is hurt due to horseplay, and the school or teacher is held responsible, there is no money available for that scenario. The school district cannot afford an accident. Plus, a teacher’s reputation is on the line after a lawsuit. â€Å"Better safe than sorry† is the most efficient and fail-safe plan of action to guarantee the safety of our children. The restrictions save time, money, and stress of all involved.

Development of the learning process of students for progress through after school program Essay

The question of development of students in their childhood is extremely vital that has to be tackled carefully, if not various problems will arise not only at the individual level but also at the national level. To improve the condition, the sanction of fund by the government alone is not sufficient to solve the problems but question remains at the top for its use in right direction at the right time in right amount with consideration of grant, method of constructing the children in the limitation of time and space of adults, the capacity of the children for their success, the implementation of art in their education life with the question of implementation of their education in the development of the community with the help of after school program. If the problem is solved tactfully and effectively, the manifold benefit can be had for the development of the students. The proper implementation of the after school program will bring out the goodness in the students to the society in proper manner. The creativity, which is present in every student by birth, will come out to the society to give strength not only to the students themselves but also to the nation. The article ‘Children â€Å"At Risk†: Constructions of Childhood in the 21st Century Community Learning Centers Federal After-School Program’ by Sharon Verner Chappell is not only an informative one but also a fine creation of work of literature. This article may be termed as a vital literature, though it an article, in the contemporary situation due its wide range of data and analysis of the situation of the students of any country. The effectiveness of the article is without the any boundary of the community, language and the nations. The sanction of $4. 5 billion by U. S. government for after school programs through the 21st Century Community Learning Centers (Chappell, S. V. 2006) is an independent variable if we consider the fact about the budget allocation. The amount is decided at the time of budget and at the time of budget preparation other needs are not taken into accounts. Though the actual amount spent will become dependent variable when the number of school and students are taken into consideration. Another example of dependant variable can be seen as the number of good performing students that is directly proportional to increased skill in study and inversely proportional to decreased number of adverse behavior like teen pregnancy. Sanctioning money is very much essential for any project to be completed, considering this assumption the US government has sanctioned the money amount. This may be considered as an important hypothesis. A hypothesis that â€Å"children are active and academically successful (i. e. productive) when they attend a state regulated educational program, whereas those children who do not attend such programs are passive, unproductive, unsuccessful, and by extension, perhaps, not good people† is cited in the article by Chappell (2006). This Operational Research Question is universally acclaimed and it is studied here in the context appropriately. â€Å"The students and the parents both are needed high attention of care and support when they are from high poverty family†. This thought is also implemented in the article. When students are in low-performing school their self-performance is also decreased. In addition to this hypothesis another one like â€Å"when art is introduced in the curriculum, the performance of the students are better many fold from previous†. Another citation by Chappell (2006) from Vadeboncoeur (2005,123), is as ‘notions of time and space can be used â€Å"to map institutional and narrative landscapes of students. â€Å"‘ This is also an important operational research. The definition of term by the article writer is provided in between the sentence by proper explanation in next step in the advancement of the description. After stating some policy, additional information is provided to describe the policy, which act as invisible definition of the term in the article. Some time the definition is given in bracket as in â€Å"reduce the number of children in self-care (â€Å"latchkey children† who take care of themselves)†. The meaning of implemented sentence â€Å"reduce the number of children in self-care† in given in the bracket in later part. Population and sampling procedure is informative and given in between sentence without any tabular form. This keeps the flow of the article readable and enjoyable. One example of this in article is â€Å" Since 2003, 6,800 rural and urban public schools have been served around the country†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . Another sampling in the article is given at proper time and places with proper citation method to avoid the ambiguity due to copyright with gives the article a good ornamental decorating. Data source are very huge and the data are collected from the scholarly and valuable articles all related to the subject matter of the article. The tireless, extensive and enthusiastic efforts are given to collect the data from various books, magazines and the websites. The proper care has been taken to collect the data after exhaustive study of the collected materials to produce the article. The data are collected with proper estimation and measurement and the authenticity cannot be suspected as the whole matter is taken from the scholarly articles, authentic magazines and popular books. The psychological and mental estimation of the children are provided with the article with various hypothesis and theory. The data are not provided in any tabular form but are scattered throughout the articles in the manner of information with full lucrative and informative sentence. In the beginning of the article â€Å"amount of $4. 5 million† is mentioned as the sanctioned amount for 21st Century Community Learning Centers (21st CCLC). Another data is â€Å"6800 rural and public school† but in no any data table. Presentation and interpretation of findings are in very intelligent and economical manner. The various divisions have been done with different sub-heading the article to provide the information in proper and chorological manner. The required data and information can be easily had due to the excellent presentation of the article. Findings have proper interpretation and placed at appropriate place. In this article main theme is the construction of childhood with the help of the ‘after school programs’ to be implemented with the help of various funds allocations by concerned institutions. The methods are described to obtained good results by good students. The need for improvement of economically improvised school along with the economically downtrodden family is emphasized. The need of arts is very much essential for the student to become a good student. Though the article is exhaustive in information and description in the problems mentioned in the titles, the need for further Research cannot be denied. There is a need to study the personal behavior of the students at the time of after school program. Many students may not be interested in such program. So they cannot be forced to do the implemented programs but s/he should be given proper attention to find out the actual need and interest of the students. There is need to conduct the research in the area of students behavior and their interests in the study at the very early age. Strength of the study remains in the area of research. The extensive and exhaustive research is done in proper subject matter. The method of citation is proper and the information put at proper places with the good structure of the paragraph with the flow of the information in one proper direction is always advancing. Weakness of the study is in the method of representation of the data in tabular forms without any comparison method. The compared data would have given better understanding of the situation of the students. The poverty level of the parents of the students and the economically degraded school with opposite situation could have been compared in tabular form for better understanding. The various opinions of the parents and the students could have given better improvement in the study.

Themes in Yeats’ Poetry

Themes in Yeats’  poetry You can find many themes in Yeats’ poetry. Pick what suits your own study from the themes, comments and quotes listed below. There are 86 quotes used to illustrate themes on this page (although some of them are from poems outside the current OCR selection for AS Level). You will need only a short selection of these. 1. The theme of death or old age and what it leaves behind. Death of Patriotism, leaving selfishness as the norm: ‘Romantic Ireland’s dead and gone, It’s with O’Leary in the grave’ [September 1913] Death as useless sacrifice, Home Rule might be granted: ‘Was it needless death after all?For England may keep faith For all that is done and said’ [Easter 1916] A man in old age alienated vibrant youthfulness: ‘The young in one another’s arms, birds in the trees – Those dying generations – at their song’   [Sailing to Byzantium] Death of innocence: ‘ The ceremony of innocence is drowned’ [Second Coming] The self in old age, forsaken by beauty: ‘when I awake some day to find they have flown away’ [Wild Swans] Death chosen out of a sense of despair: ‘A waste of breath the years behind, in balance with this life, this death’ [Airman] Death and destruction during civil war: ‘A man is killed, or a house burned †¦ the empty house†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ [Stare’s Nest] Demise of the Aristocracy and despair at the vanity of human grandeur: ‘We the great gazebo built’ [Memory] Old age and the remnants of a confined life: ‘Picture and book remain’ [Acre] In old age, contempt for the present, defiant admiration for ancestry: ‘Cast your mind on other days That we in coming days may be Still the indomitable Irishry’   [Under Ben Bulben] Facing death with contempt for overstated ceremony: ‘No marble, no conventional phrase’ [Under Ben Bulben] Death provides a sanctuary from conflict and hatred: ‘Savage indignation there Cannot lacerate his breast’ [Swift’s Epitaph] 2. The theme of disintegration, chaos, sudden change: They have gone about the world like wind’   [September 1913] ‘scatter wheeling in great broken rings Upon their clamorous wings’ [Wild Swans] ‘I have looked upon those brilliant creatures, And now my heart is sore. All’s changed’ [Wild Swans] ‘this tumult in the clouds’ [Airman] ‘All changed, changed utterly: A terrible beauty is born’   [Easter 1916] ‘Enchanted to a stone To trouble the living stream’ [Easter 1916] ‘Things fall apart; the centre cannot hold; Mere anarchy is loosed upon the world’ [Second Coming] ‘Consume my heart away; sick with desire And fastened to a dying animal It knows not what it is’   [Sailing to Byzantium] ‘A man is killed, or a house burned, Yet no c lear fact to be discerned’ [Stare’s Nest] 3.Yeats poetry explored nature under four headings: Transience in nature’s beauty: ‘A shadow of cloud on the stream Changes minute by minute’ [Easter 1916] ‘By what lake’s edge or pool Delight men’s eyes when I awake some day To find they have flown away? ’ [Wild Swans] ‘The salmon-falls, the mackerel-crowded seas, Fish, flesh, or fowl, commend all summer long Whatever is begotten, born, and dies’ [Sailing to Byzantium] ‘But a raving autumn shears Blossom from the summer’s wreath’   [Memories] Paradoxically, Yeats saw nature as immortal in comparison to humans: ‘Their hearts have not grown old; Passion or conquest, wander where they will, Attend upon them still. [Wild Swans] The radiance of nature’s beauty: ‘I hear lake water lapping with low sounds by the shore;’ [Inisfree] ‘The trees are in their autumn beauty, Th e woodland paths are dry, Under the October twilight the water Mirrors a still sky’   [Wild Swans] ‘The long-legged moor-hens dive, And hens to moor-cocks call’ [Easter] ‘An acre of green grass For air and exercise’ [Acre] The unattractive side of nature: ‘The bees build in the crevices Of loosening masonry, and there The mother birds bring grubs and flies’   [Stare] ‘while all about it Reel shadows of the indignant desert birds’ [Second Coming] 4. Yeats explored the theme of immortality in various spheres.You can contrast the following quotes and issues with the many quotes and references to mortality highlighted in the quotes for themes one, two and three above. Politics—in a paradoxical way the Rising has changed politics and this force for change has become an immortal and steadfast national symbol: ‘Now and in time to be, Wherever green is worn, Are changed, changed utterly: A terrible beauty is bornâ⠂¬â„¢ [Easter 1916] Natural beauty—the swans as a species are ageless in comparison to Yeats: ‘Their hearts have not grown old; Passion or conquest, wander where they will, Attend upon them still. ’ [Wild Swans] The cycles of history [perpetually repeating millennial patterns]: ‘And what rough beast, its hour come round at last, Slouches towards Bethlehem to be born? [Second Coming] The soul and art transcend time: ‘Once out of nature I shall never take My bodily form from any natural thing, But such a form as Grecian goldsmiths make to sing†¦ Of what is past, or passing, or to come’ [Sailing to Byzantium] 5. The quest for truth is fundamental, whether experienced through the emotional self, reason, imagination or at the expense of sanity. Intuitive truth: ‘I hear it in the deep heart’s core’ [Inisfree] The pursuit of national ideals at the cost of public ridicule: ‘â€Å"Some woman’s yellow hair Has madde ned every mother’s son†: They weighed so lightly what they gave’ [September 1913] Pursuit of beauty and truth by a questioning spirit: ‘Among what rushes will they build, By what lake’s edge or pool Delight men’s eyes when I awake some day To find they have flown away? [Wild Swans] Truth believed in by political fanatics: ‘Hearts with one purpose alone Through summer and winter seem Enchanted to a stone’ [Easter 1916] Truth that is fanatical and yet unemotional: ‘Too long a sacrifice Can make a stone of the heart’ [Easter 1916] Truth that is emotional, imaginative and philosophical: ‘A lonely impulse of delight Drove to this tumult in the clouds; I balanced all, brought all to mind’ [Irish Airman] Truth that is prophetic and yet based on historical cycles: ‘Surely some revelation is at hand; Surely the Second Coming is at hand’ [Second Coming] Cold, rational analysis of falsehood leading to t he truth: ‘We had fed the heart on fantasies, The heart’s grown brutal from the fare; More Substance in our enmities Than in our love’ [Stare] Truth attained through educating the imagination with art: ‘Nor is there singing school but studying Monuments of its own magnificence’ [Sailing to Byzantium] Truth that is philosophical, the wisdom of old age: ‘Dear shadows, now you know it all, All the folly of a fight With a common wrong or right. The innocent and the beautiful. Have no enemy but time’ [Memories] Truth that eludes reason and imagination: ‘Neither loose imagination, Nor the mill of the mind Consuming its rag and bone, Can make the truth known’ [Acre] Contrast between a passionate confession and political truths: ‘And maybe what they say is true Of war and war’s alarms, But O that I were young again And held her in my arms’ [Politics] Truth that is sentimental, defiant, emotional: ‘Cast your mind on other days That we in coming days may be Still the indomitable Irishry’ [Ben Bulben] 6. Yeats had various visions of the model Irish society.Primitive, Celtic, peasant and rural: ‘I will arise and go now, and go to Innisfree, And a small cabin build there, of clay and wattles made’ [Inisfree] Romantic, patriotic and heroic: ‘Yet they were of a different kind, The names that stilled your childish play, They have gone about the world like wind’ [September 1913] Pastoral and aesthetic: ‘But now they drift on the still water, Mysterious, beautiful’ [Wild Swans] Comely and simple: ‘My county is Kiltartan Cross, My countrymen Kiltartan’s poor’ [Irish Airman] Aristocratic, classical and youthful: ‘and speak of that old Georgian mansion, †¦ recall That table and the talk of youth, Two girls in silk kimonos, both Beautiful, one a gazelle’ [Memories] Heroic, feudal and ancestral: ‘Sing the peasa ntry, and then Hard-riding country gentlemen, The holiness of monks, and after Porter-drinkers’ randy laughter; Sing the lords and ladies gay That were beaten into the clay Through seven heroic centuries; Cast your mind on other days That we in coming days may be Still the indomitable Irishry’   [Under Ben Bulben’s Head] 7.Yeats explored conflicting dualities, often counterbalancing the ideal and the real: The beauty of nature versus the sombre monotony of city existence: ‘I hear lake water lapping with low sounds by the shore; While I stand on the roadway, or on the pavements grey’ [Inisfree] The meanness of municipal policy versus the generosity of patriots: ‘For men were born to pray and save: Romantic Ireland’s dead and gone’   [September 1913] Mortality of the self versus immortality of the swan species: ‘And now my heart is sore†¦ Their hearts have not grown old’   [Wild Swans] Major Robert Gregoryâ €™s ambiguous approach to fighting for his country; this involves inversion of emotion: ‘Those that I fight I do not hate, Those that I guard I do not love’ [Irish Airman] The immortality of political heroes versus the fickleness of politics: ‘Yet they were of a different kind, The names that stilled your childish play’ [September 1913] ‘Yet I number him in the song; He, too, has resigned his part In the casual comedy’   [Easter 1916] The inversion of the relationship between commitment and morality: ‘The best lack all conviction, while the worst Are full of passionate intensity’   [Second Coming] Soul versus Body and Nature versus Art: ‘O sages †¦be the singing-masters of my soul.Consume my heart away†¦ Once out of nature I shall never take My bodily form from any natural thing’   [Sailing to Byzantium] Love versus hatred, moral inversion: ‘More substance in our enmities Than in our love†™Â   [Stare] Time versus beauty: ‘But a raving autumn shears Blossom from the summer’s wreath†¦ The innocent and the beautiful Have no enemy but time’   [Memories] Love versus politics as a shaper of human destiny: ‘How can I, that girl standing there, My attention fix On Roman or on Russian Or on Spanish politics’ [Politics] The contemporary versus the historical, the plebs versus the aristocracy, the masses versus ancestors: ‘Base-born products of base beds †¦ Still the indomitable Irishry’   [Under Ben Bulben] Two contradictory positions on the duality of life and death, one neutral, the other favouring death as a refuge from the stresses of life: ‘Cast a cold eye On life, on death’ [Under Ben Bulben] ‘SWIFT has sailed into his rest; Savage indignation there Cannot lacerate his breast’   [Swift’s Epitaph] 8. Yeats made various protests against reality during his life: Alienation from city life in London: ‘While I stand on the roadway, or on the pavements grey’ [Inishfree] Despondency at short sighted and self-serving civic attitudes regarding the 1913 lockout and hypocritical religious devotion: ‘ You have dried the marrow from the bone?For men were born to pray and save: Romantic Ireland’s dead and gone, It’s with O’Leary in the grave’ [September 1913] Hurt at disrespect for the memory of political martyrs: ‘You’d cry, â€Å"Some woman’s yellow hair Has maddened every mother’s son†: They weighed so lightly what they gave’ [September 1913] Disillusionment at war: ‘Those that I fight I do not hate, Those that I guard I do not love;’ [Airman] Disgust at insincere nationalism, patriotic bluster: ‘Being certain that they and I But lived where motley is worn†¦ The casual comedy†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ã‚   [Easter 1916] Criticism of political fanaticism: ‘Too long a sacrifice Can make a stone of the heart. ’ [Easter 1916] Disillusion at war, lack of civic responsibility and an apocalyptic spiral: ‘Mere anarchy is loosed upon the world, The lood-dimmed tide is loosed, and everywhere The ceremony of innocence is drowned; The best lack all conviction, while the worst Are full of passionate intensity’ [Second Coming] Disenchantment at materialism, hedonism and neglect of art: ‘Caught in that sensual music all neglect Monuments of unageing intellect’ [Sailing to Byzantium] Anger at the inhumanity of political ideologies: ‘We had fed the heart on fantasies, The heart’s grown brutal from the fare: More substance in our enmities Than in our love’ [Stare] Rage at the pettiness of national politics: ‘for men were born to pray and save’ [September 1913] ‘Conspiring among the ignorant’ [Memories] Fierce resistance in old age to the demise of the mind: ‘Grant me an o ld man’s frenzy, Myself must I remake’ [Acre] Mockery of world affairs: ‘How can I, that girl standing there, My attention fix On Roman or on Russian Or on Spanish politics? ’ [Politics] Yeats Fascistic or class hatred against the Irish working class: ‘Scorn the sort now growing up All out of shape from toe to top, Their unremembering hearts and heads Base-born products of base beds’ [Ben Bulben] Dislike of pompous burials: ‘No marble, no conventional phrase’ [Ben Bulben] Contempt for materialistic and unthinking people: ‘Imitate him if you dare, World-besotted traveller’ [Swift]

The Most Unkindest Cut of All

The Most Unkindest Cut of All The Most Unkindest Cut of All The Most Unkindest Cut of All By Maeve Maddox Some of my readers and I experienced an episode of mutual astonishment the other day. In a post about the abbreviation e.g., I wrote the following sentence: The most unkindest cut of all regarding the use of  e.g.  and its ilk came to my attention in 2008 when I read an article in the  London Telegraph  about a movement in Britain to purge English of such long-established Latin shortcuts. The emails began to fly: Were you serious in the use of the following sentence?   I am making reference to the use of most unkindest. The most unkindest cut   Hmm.   This one threw me, Maeve. most unkindest assuming thats an editing error and not a grammatical error! Most unkindest. Did you really mean that? Isnt it, most unkind?   Would you please comment? â€Å"The most unkindest cut of all†¦Ã¢â‚¬  I think one should use either â€Å"The unkindest†¦Ã¢â‚¬  or â€Å"The most unkind†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Can you believe he/she wrote the most unkindest. It should be the most unkind  or the unkindest. At the time I wrote the sentence, I had the feeling that someone might twit me for the use of a word like ilk, but it never occurred to me that anyone would turn a hair at the quotation from Julius Caesar. Many years have passed since I studied Shakespeare’s Julius Caesar in the ninth grade, but I still remember the speech in which Antony refers to the dagger thrust made by Brutus as â€Å"the most unkindest cut of all.† Antony’s funeral oration over the corpse of Caesar is very long. My classmates and I memorized the first section, beginning with these lines: Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears. I come to bury Caesar, not to praise him. We memorized up to where Antony pauses the first time to let his words sink in: My heart is in the coffin there with Caesar, And I must pause till it come back to me. The speech continues. It’s an excellent example of the way a clever speaker can manipulate the sentiment of a hostile, ignorant crowd. Antony pulls out all the rhetorical stops. At the very end, he wins the mob with a sentimental â€Å"show and tell,† making Caesar’s death personal and tangible. He holds up Caesar’s bloody mantle and spreads the holes with his fingers, putting names to them: Look, in this place ran Cassius dagger through. See what a rent the envious Casca made. Through this the well-belovà ¨d Brutus stabbed. And as he plucked his cursà ¨d steel away, Mark how the blood of Caesar followed it, As rushing out of doors, to be resolved If Brutus so unkindly knocked, or no. For Brutus, as you know, was Caesar’s angel. Judge, O you gods, how dearly Caesar loved him! This was the most unkindest cut of all. NOTE: According to the historical record, Caesar’s assassins stabbed him twenty-three times. â€Å"Most unkindest cut of all† is nonstandard English. The rule for comparison, as my dismayed readers point out, does not permit a most to attend an adjective ending in -est. But Shakespeare was writing iambic pentameter. He needed a line with ten syllables. And besides, his intention was to have Antony wring out as much emotion as he could from the mob. The cut made by Brutus wasn’t simply unkind or most unkind, or the unkindest, it was absolutely the pinnacle of unkindness, hence the most, the -est, and the â€Å"of all.† When I quoted Shakespeare’s line, I was emphasizing the dismay I felt at the thought that branches of officialdom- in Britain of all places- could believe that it could be in the public interest to purge words from the English vocabulary. The very idea calls to mind a quotation from another of my favorite authors: Don’t you see that the whole aim of Newspeak is to narrow the range of thought? In the end we shall make thoughtcrime literally impossible, because there will be no words in which to express it. Every concept that can ever be needed, will be expressed by exactly one word, with its meaning rigidly defined and all its subsidiary meanings rubbed out and forgotten.- Orwell, 1984 I don’t have a conclusion to this post. We’re living along a seam in time. Some of us have had one kind of education, others a different kind. The practice of quoting from the English literary canon in articles intended for a general audience belongs to a passing generation. Is this is a bad thing? According to Hamlet, â€Å"there is nothing either good or bad, but thinking makes it so.† As King Arthur says at the end of Tennyson’s Idylls of the King, The old order changeth, yielding place to new. Related posts: When Most Is Enough Slipping into Newspeak Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:16 Substitutes for â€Å"Because† or â€Å"Because Of†Empathy "With" or Empathy "For"?While vs. Whilst

The Controversy of Head Start Essays

The Controversy of Head Start Essays The Controversy of Head Start Essay The Controversy of Head Start Essay Ever since the creation and implementation of the Head Start program in 1965, there has always been controversy over the programs effectiveness. Much of the controversy stems over the self-reporting of evidence that the National Head Start Association provides, both to the government and to the public, along with the actual impact Head Start has on the children that participate in this controversial program. One thing is certain about the Head Start program and that is that there will always be a clear division between its supporters and opponents. The main goal of the Head Start program is to provide poor underprivileged pre-school aged children essentially with a head start in education. Supporters of Head Start believe that by providing these services these poor underprivileged children would better adapt to the school system and later become successful as adults. Head Start is not just about providing educational services; the program also focuses on providing both mental and physical health check-ups and nutritious meals to the enrolled students. Head Start cannot be described merely as a pre-school program. Head Start actually plays the role of a comprehensive support group for poor underprivileged children and their families. This federally funded program feels the noose tightening because of plans to let individual states opt in with their own state-run head start-like programs. Supporters of Head Start believe that by allowing this a majority of funding that the federal government provides will be diverted from Head Start to build up new state-run programs. Proponents of Head Start view this as a threat to the health of Head Start programs around the nation. These individuals believe that by diverting funds from a proven program to unproven programs will leave, many if not all, eligible children in the lurch. The Head Start controversy is similar in many ways to the Social Security dilemma. Do we take what we have right now and provide it to everyone without worrying about the future or do we invest in a proven program for the betterment of the future? This is only one of many questions that lawmakers must carefully weigh before committing to a course of action that could shut the Head Start program down for good. Every program, either federal or state, has its opponents and the Head Start program is no exception. Opponents of Head Start believe that the information and data provided regarding Head Start is skewed and biased. The claim that Head Start programs benefit children right now and will later benefit as adults is unsubstantiated. Still others believe that Head Start is a bleeding ulcer with no chance of recovery and rather than blood is losing billions of dollars every year. Rather than leaving the running of Head Start in the hands of individual program administrators, state legislators want more control through the form of state-direct funding. This causes a problem for Head Start because previous data concerning grants for various other programs show that abandonment by the federal government of direct involvement of a program leads to the eventual erosion of funding. This can be caused by state legislators cutting or diverting funding to other programs or even the total closure of a program in order to balance state budgets. No matter what the outcome is over the controversy of Head Start, there will be one clear loser and that is the children that would have benefited from the wide range of services provided by Head Start. Conversely, state budgetary concerns should also be taken into consideration because of the potential impact tax increases and budget cutbacks would have on residents of individual states. All in all it would not be wise to quickly bring about the demise of a proven early childhood program by transforming it from head start to dead end.

Conjunctive Adverbs

Conjunctive Adverbs Conjunctive Adverbs Conjunctive Adverbs By Maeve Maddox Conjunctions are words that link words, phrases, and clauses and provide a smooth transition between ideas. Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs. Some adverbs can also join or show connections between ideas. When they do this, they are called conjunctive adverbs. Conjunctive adverbs show comparison, contrast, sequence, cause-effect, or other relationships between ideas. The most common conjunctive adverbs are: accordingly also besides consequently conversely finally furthermore hence however indeed instead likewise meanwhile moreover nevertheless next nonetheless otherwise similarly still subsequently then therefore thus Conjunctive adverbs function in three ways. 1. They indicate a connection between two independent clauses in one sentence: The primary meaning of the term  Ã¡ ¸ ¥eá ¸ ¥Ã‚  was million or millions; subsequently, a personification of á ¸ ¤eá ¸ ¥ was adopted as the Egyptian god of infinity. In this explanation of why a particular word was personified the way it was, subsequently joins the ideas and conveys sequence at the same time. The word heh means millions; it follows that the personification derived from heh would be a god of infinity. 2. They link ideas in two or more sentences. Democracy has empowered thousands upon thousands of the â€Å"selfish, ignorant, timid, stubborn, or foolish,† who come from a mix of different nationalities. All hope is not lost, however, since there are â€Å"hundreds who are wise.†    In this quotation from a speech by Woodrow Wilson, the however connects and contrasts â€Å"thousands of foolish citizens† in the first sentence with â€Å"hundreds who are wise† in the second sentence. 3. They show relationships between ideas within an independent clause. We are determined to do whatever must be done in the interest of this country and, indeed, in the interest of all to protect the dollar as a convertible currency at its current fixed rate. In this quotation from a speech by John F. Kennedy, indeed connects ideas within the sentence: the idea of doing something on a national level and on an international level as well. Punctuation note: A conjunctive adverb within a sentence is set off by commas. A conjunctive adverb that begins or ends a sentence is set off by one comma: Therefore, let us reconsider this legislation that marginalizes a large proportion of employees. You were late for the fifth time today; you are dismissed, therefore. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar 101 category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:20 Great Opening Lines to Inspire the Start of Your StoryTry to vs. Try andGrammar Review #1: Particles and Phrasal Verbs

Mechanism of Locating the Client's DaTa in the Clouds Research Paper

Mechanism of Locating the Client's DaTa in the Clouds - Research Paper Example Owing to the current rapid prevalence of Cloud computing many clients are increasingly using the clouds to store sensitive information and this necessitates encrypting the data so as to protect the stored data against unsolicited access (Lasica, 76). A major challenge of data encryption in the clouds is that it makes it difficult for the Clients to locate their data. This is particularly with regard to the fact that the encryption of data in cloud computing significantly limits the ability of clients to use the traditional keyword searches in locating their data. Additionally data in the clouds usually require protection of their key word privacy to enhance the security of the stored data. This paper explores the potential use of string matching algorithms as a mechanism to enable clients using cloud computing effectively locates their stored data within the cloud. String matching (Fuzzy keyword) algorithms Generally cloud data systems usually consist of the client, data service prov ider and the cloud server. Advances in computing technology have enabled the use of networks and data identifier algorithms to build a mechanism that allows the clients to locate their data in the clouds based on string matching of the any data. ... data identifiers algorithms are usually designed to enable clients determine the location of their data in the cloud using the infrastructural network. These algorithms are also used to track and monitor the movement of data within the servers. Many methods can be used to determine the string familiarity of the cloud data. For example the edit distance measures string match of the given keywords. This not only allow the clients depending on cloud storage services to locate their data but it also help them to effectively correct potential errors and problems in their stored data. Additionally the similarity of the located data and the intended search may also reveal potential problems such as duplicate data and lack of uniformity in the content and format (Armbrust, 56). String matching algorithm as a data identifier mechanism also enhances the search correctness of the data being searched by the client. For example if the client needs to locate some data using an input that matches t he data in the clouds, then the server will accurately locate the file using the keywords search request. The clients are therefore able to determine the location of their data within the virtual cloud network. On the other hand, any errors in spelling or inconsistencies in the format of the search keyword for the data being searched often bring the possible closest result based on the similarities of the keywords. How string matching data identifier algorithms work String matching algorithms function by allowing clients to locate data within the clouds using exact matching words. According to Abadi (33), the closeness of the match of the data being located is usually measured using the possible number of operations needed to convert the string into the exact match. The number is usually

No topic Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 17

No topic - Assignment Example Hence, it is advisable that the Christians with the heart of helping the needy should not spoon feed them, but provide them with guidelines on how they can solve their problems and come out of their situations. Bob Lupton, Bart Fikkert, and Melissa Dodson realized that the people being helped had the capacity and capability of doing the things that they were a help. For instance, they observed that persons whose streets were littered and charity works were geared towards cleaning their streets had the capacity including physical fitness to undertake these tasks by themselves. Additionally, they realized that the people who were being helped by charities became lazy to perform tasks that could help them obtain what they were provided with yet they were in positions to do the same. Therefore, these charity works only increased their dependency on handouts from the charity organization or people. These circumstances are different from other circumstances that these authors highly criticized. Obviously, the natural disasters are usually emergencies that people need to be helped out of or help to recover to their normal ways of life. In these cases, Bob Lupton, Steve Corbett, and Brian Fikkert may not criticize persons, organizations, or religions that provide charity to these people. Notably, after a well-coordinated response by the government among other relevant agencies to these emergencies, the affected persons from natural disasters are expected to resume their normal life. Therefore, they are not expected to depend on the charity for the rest of their lives; hence, Bob Lupton, Steve Corbett, and Brian Fikkert may support individuals to provide such groups with charitable services and goods. Relief is an urgent, but temporary aid provided to reduce suffering following a man-made or natural disaster. On the other hand, rehabilitation are is reconstruction steps that are often undertaken immediately after

Global Justice and The Poor Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Global Justice and The Poor - Essay Example TWO PERSPECTIVES ON POVERTY: There are many different perspectives on poverty. The two that will be discussed in the paper are that of Bill Gates and that of Thomas Pogge. It is very interesting to study the perspective of Bill Gates on poverty. He has emerged as a very successful person in the field of business and technology and now his success as a social responsibility champion has made him a figure to be considered for his views on poverty. His views on poverty are quite different than the usual views that are prevalent in the market today. His ideas to quite an extent are controversial and therefore make a very interesting study. Though he is very new to the field his views are worth considering because he has allocated a sum of 38.7 billion dollars to help the social cause and help make this world a better place to live. Thomas Pogge is considered to be one of the most known figures in the world on the topic of Global Justice and poverty. He has many researches to his name and is also the author of the best known published book World Poverty and Human Rights. The views on poverty and the possible things that hamper reduction of poverty, things that cause poverty and also what are the solutions to eradicate poverty are all very different and contrasting and therefore make an interesting study. Non?Maleficence v. ... In fact, Pogge has very clearly mentioned in his writings that in his opinion World Trade Organization has opened the market too little and this is a contributing factor to poverty. Gates and Pogge both believe that the increasing global wealth inequities help in solving the issue of poverty. They both again agree on the fact that poverty is a very pressing issue and should be dealt with effectively and efficiently. The differences in their perspectives becomes very clear when we see that Gates believes that beneficence is the way we can reduce poverty and Pogge is of the opinion that to reduce poverty we need to be non?maleficence. This is one contrasting feature in their opinion of existence of poverty and therefore it becomes the base of the different ways which they will employee to reduce poverty. Gates has suggested that we can reduce poverty effectively and in a long lasting way, by being more benevolent. This opinion of his clearly suggests that he is not looking to get rid o f poverty completely. His realistic opinion is that poverty can surely be reduced but it cannot be gotten rid of completely. His opinion however, in no way indicates that he wants people to remain poor. In a contrasting opinion Pogge believes the global institutional order should be formed again as it does nothing to reduce poverty but in fact promotes it. In Pogge’s opinion poverty is a problem that has been created because of the issue of global justice and he believes that institutions inflict harm on each other and that this should be stopped. He believes that to reduce poverty global, injustice should be reduced along with socioeconomic poverty. He also believes that the inaccessibility that

Organisations and behaviour Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Organisations and behaviour - Case Study Example , democracy, and laissez-faire as proposed by behavioral theorists1, however, the different leadership styles are currently considered to be transformational, transactional, or charismatic. Autocratic or authoritarian leadership style bestows all the decision-making powers solely on the leader, and motivation is achieved through rewards or punishments. However, for both at Egg and Taylor Woodrows workforce, this type of leadership may impact negatively on motivation of employees. Considering that the two companies both put a lot of emphasis on employee involvement, autocratic style leadership may not foster effectual communication, a tool highly and considerably associated with effective implementation of change. Democratic or participative leadership allows employees to get actively involved in decision-making processes by developing plans aimed at helping employees evaluate their performance. This form of leadership will particularly impact positively in regard to workforce motivation at Taylor Woodrow given that they already have a working Performance and Development Review in place. Moreover, participative leadership permits establishment of goals by the workforce, promotes growth on the job and promotions, and recognizes achievement. Therefore, during change implementation, participative or democratic leadership facilitates employee motivation, which in effect leads to improved organization performance and profitability. At Egg, democratic or participative leadership proves to be the most effective leadership style since the company puts a lot of emphasis on employee-management relationship, allowing employees to get involved in planning, performing, and achieving for themselves and the company in overall. Addition, the company’s strategic approach toward employee is anchored on a ‘know yourself, know your people’ concept that puts not only the targets of the company itself but also those of the workforce at the core of its operations. With the

Floating and Fixed Exchange Rate Regimes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Floating and Fixed Exchange Rate Regimes - Essay Example Views on the cause and lessons of the Mexican monetary crisis differ as evidence in numerous media articles and educational studies subsequent the crash. To some, the depression of the peso was a terrible mistake. To others, the final collapse seemed predictable and the only subject was timing. Dornbusch, Goldfajn, and Valdes fit in to the latter. They quality the disaster to the nominal exchange rate fasten and unsustainable real approval of the peso. This view is communal by Obstfeld who states that it is dangerous to rely on the exchange rate as the main long-term instrument for plummeting chronic high price rises. Similarly, Edwards blames the unsustainable present account deficit, caused by genuine approval and financed by large assets inflows, for the peso fall down The instinct that the slope of the Phillips curve is connected to openness is based on models of little open economies with supposed rigidities. In such models, surprising monetary expansion characteristically leads to real money depreciation. There are potentially two belongings on the trade-off. When price rises is measured in terms of a customer cost index, the result of the depreciation on the domestic cost of imports will add to the price raises cost of a financial expansion. Meanwhile, if salary is partly indexed to a customer cost index, or if overseas goods are old as intermediate inputs in home production, the production gain to a known monetary growth will be abridged. Both effects denote that the Phillips curve is probable to be steeper in comparatively unlock economies, but this theory has hardly ever been experienced (http://www.imf.org/external/pubs). Clearly the quarrel rests winning systematic exchange rate effects of financial shocks. As discussed by Obstfeld and Rogoff (1996, pp. 621-22) the conservative wisdom is that main strategy shifts are indeed linked with exchange rate changes, precisely as predicted by powerful models with supposed rigidities such as that of Dornbusch (1976). They quote as examples the Volcker depression of the early 1980s in the United States, the Thatcher-Howe depression in the United Kingdom at the similar time, and the experiences of more than a small number of Latin American countries in the 1990s. That supposed, Obstfeld and Rogoff also summit out that the aptitude of the Mundell-Fleming-Dornbusch model to forecast exchange rate changes methodically is rather additional contentious. The Impacts of Capital Inflows A country's equilibrium of payments (BOP) can be alienated into two parts: the in general balance (OB) and the equilibrium of official set aside transactions (OR). The technological setup of BOP is such that OB + OR = 0. OB consists of the present account equilibrium (C) and the non-official assets account equilibrium (K) (hereafter this is just referred to as the assets explanation all through the paper). OR reflects the monetary authority's interference in the overseas exchange market. Under a merely floating exchange rate regime, the monetary right is not compelled to interfere so that the exchange rate will regulate in a

Organisations and behaviour Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Organisations and behaviour - Case Study Example , democracy, and laissez-faire as proposed by behavioral theorists1, however, the different leadership styles are currently considered to be transformational, transactional, or charismatic. Autocratic or authoritarian leadership style bestows all the decision-making powers solely on the leader, and motivation is achieved through rewards or punishments. However, for both at Egg and Taylor Woodrows workforce, this type of leadership may impact negatively on motivation of employees. Considering that the two companies both put a lot of emphasis on employee involvement, autocratic style leadership may not foster effectual communication, a tool highly and considerably associated with effective implementation of change. Democratic or participative leadership allows employees to get actively involved in decision-making processes by developing plans aimed at helping employees evaluate their performance. This form of leadership will particularly impact positively in regard to workforce motivation at Taylor Woodrow given that they already have a working Performance and Development Review in place. Moreover, participative leadership permits establishment of goals by the workforce, promotes growth on the job and promotions, and recognizes achievement. Therefore, during change implementation, participative or democratic leadership facilitates employee motivation, which in effect leads to improved organization performance and profitability. At Egg, democratic or participative leadership proves to be the most effective leadership style since the company puts a lot of emphasis on employee-management relationship, allowing employees to get involved in planning, performing, and achieving for themselves and the company in overall. Addition, the company’s strategic approach toward employee is anchored on a ‘know yourself, know your people’ concept that puts not only the targets of the company itself but also those of the workforce at the core of its operations. With the

PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN - Essay Example I have drawn great messages from this and believe that the situation or circumstances will not always be as we wish them to be. Our maturity and education directs us to accept what we have and use it to our advantage. Introspection and reflection made me see through my strengths and weaknesses. I was not disturbed at my weaknesses. I analyzed and realized that I get easily distracted. This is where Sir Wallace’s determination to fight against oppression gave me the strength. His unbending commitment was his greatest strength and I decided that if I made a commitment to myself to increase my concentration I would be able to achieve it. When I started switching from one subject to another, when my mind would drift into a dream world during the class lectures, I realized I needed to focus my efforts to improve upon my concentration. I realized that everything is in the mind. If you think success, success will happen. Positive thinking is what matters. That was the day I decided to think positive and act positive. Sir Wallace had a passion for liberty and so have I but to attain this I realized was easier said than done. So I started setting my goals – one step at a time – is how I went about it. I wanted the liberty to think and decide for myself. I used to revolt at restrictions and once again found myself contemplating on what I really wanted. Would I misuse the liberty if I got it? What is the liberty that I was seeking? I realized that liberty is the freedom to choose between the right and the wrong. A matured and educated person would understand the difference between the two and invariably opt for the right. The fact that I decided to set my goals itself made me feel that it was the first step towards liberty. Recognizing the weakness itself was the first step and then the decision to change. It was then that I decided to set my goals. We can make mistakes in our life but mistakes and failures should be the stepping stones to

Models of Communication Essay Example for Free

Models of Communication Essay Communication Model: A model is an abstracted model of reality. A good model comes as close to reality as possible and discusses and explains the reality. But being an abstraction, a model is not a reality; it is only a representation of reality. For e.g: an architectural model is only a model of the house giving a fair idea of the number of rooms, layout etc; but it is not the house per say. Defination: communication model is a pictorial representation to show the structure of communication process in which various components/ elements are linked. They are based on assumptions that theorists make as to how communication functions and what effect it has upon individuals and society.a a variety of models exist, all of which strive to explain the different components of communication and the role each part plays in the total process. Advantages of models: * They allow us to ask questions * They clarify complexity by reducing the process to simple, more familiar terms. * They lead us to new discoveries by positioning hypothetical ideas and relationships. Limitations * Can lead to over-simplification. * Can lead to confusion between models and the actual behavior it potrays. * Models can be confused with reality. By looking at the models we hope to: * Represent the main lines of thought above the process of mass communication. * It provides us with historical review of the progress in human understanding of how communication works. Functions of models: * Providing images of the whole that one may not otherwise be able to see. * Helps in understanding information in a simplified way which would be otherwise complicated and ambiguous. Evaluation of communication models: * How general is the model? How much material does it organize? * How fruitful is the model? How helpful is it in discovering relations, facts or materials? * How accurate and original is the model? * How important is it to the field of enquiry? History: * Models started with a simple ‘source- message-channel-receiver’ process but were rapidly modified during the 50’s. * The 1950’s was a fertile period; critical aspects to the communication process were added to develop a more comprehensive picture. * During the decades of the 60’s and 70’s the interest in relevant model building had shifted towards search on specific aspects of the model rather than the process. * Also increasing complexity of understanding of the process made diagrammatic representation difficult. Aristotle’s model of communication: Writing 300 years before the birth of Christ, Aristotle provided an explanation of oral communication that is still worthy of attention. Based on five basic elements, his model is focused more on public speaking rather that interpersonal communication.

Positive And Negative Aspects Of Edinburgh Fringe Festival Tourism Essay

Positive And Negative Aspects Of Edinburgh Fringe Festival Tourism Essay Introduction This report will give analysis and explain different aspects of the Edinburgh Fringe Festival in terms of public relations. The Edinburgh Fringe Festival is the largest arts festival in the world, therefore it is important to carefully consider all the aspects and opportunities from a public relations perspective, as it is a great example of the different sides and features of public relations. After looking at the history of this festival, the report will provide an insight in the positive and negative aspects of the Fringe, name the main competitors and give SWOT and PEST analysis. Then the key public relation issues for the event will be analysed and analysis of the media environment relevant to the event will be given. Finally, a critical assessment of the success of the events PR strategy will be considered. History of the Fringe The Edinburgh Fringe Festival originated in 1947 and it was created to celebrate and enrich European cultural life in the wake of the Second World War. It first started when eight acts turned up at the Edinburgh international festival uninvited and decided to perform anyway this then lead to more acts following in their footsteps in the years to come. From this, the Festival Fringe Society was formed in 1959. The Fringe, these days, is now known as the largest arts festival in world and in 2010 the Fringe featured 40,254 performances of 2,453 shows in 259 venues. It is held every August for three weeks in the centre of Edinburgh and there are stages all over Edinburgh for example the Hilton Hotel, Edinburgh Castle and Underbelly. It is such a special event as it caters for everyone by having various acts put on, such as: theatre, comedy, dance, physical theatre, musicals, operas, music, exhibitions and events. Positive aspects of the Fringe The Fringe has been renowned for giving unknown performers a chance to be recognised as it is made up of emerging and established artists which is a review from edfringe.com. The Fringe has also been acknowledged for having worldwide recognition for being one of the best arts festivals in the world and this helps bring a lot of tourism into the capital city. Each year ticket sales rise incredibly as 1.8 million tickets were sold in 2009 and that increased to 1.9 million sold in 2010. This can be brought down to the effective communication from the society as they have advertised in newspapers, on posters, through television adverts, on radio adverts, on websites and they have even branched out to new technology by launching a Fringe iPhone app. The Fringe is so popular because anyone can enjoy a show as they have a range of entertainment for all audiences. They include free shows too, which are ever increasing because 558 shows at the 2010 Fringe were absolutely free, compared to 465 in 2009. Negative aspects of the Fringe During the research it was found that the childrens shows only made up 4% of the Fringe performance programme in 2010 and this may discourage families to come to the events as there is little choice for the children. Also the dance and physical theatre performances went down 0.5% to 4.5% in 2010 and this may be seen as the Fringe society not seeing these genres as important as others such as comedy. Another downside is that the performance locations are far too widely spread throughout city so many people will have to spend a lot of money on travelling. There are a high number of performances each year so this means acts will overlap one another causing people to miss out on some shows. Main competitors Throughout Scotland there are numerous festivals, whether they are large or small scale.  Ã‚   It is known from the official fringe website that the Fringe has a market share of 75% of all attendance at Edinburghs year round festivals and annually generates  £75 million for Edinburgh and the Scottish Economy.   These figures from 2004/05 demonstrate the high profile of the Fringe as an event in Scotland.   Despite accounting for the vast majority of the market share in Scotland, there are other events throughout the country which seek visitors. The Magners Glasgow International Comedy Festival takes place over   18 days with 350 performances from well-known and rising comedians.   The festival held at the kings theatre in Glasgow, specialises in comedy.   This is different from the fringe where although there are comedy events, there is an array of other arts as well.   For comedy enthusiasts the Magners comedy festival may be more attractive as it is specialised with more opportunity to see comedy.   As the event is also only held at one location, its more simple to find and easier to experience many performances without trekking across the city.   It may be on a much smaller scale that the Fringe but the less busy atmosphere may be much more appealing to some individuals. The Stanza poetry festival which is held in St Andrews is described by visit Scotland as where music, film, dance and poetry work in harmony.   The stanza poetry festival could be seen as a small scale Fringe festival however it primarily specialised in poetry.   Within this, the aim is to combine other arts into the poetry.   This unique selling point is a strength to the festival.   Held at the Byre theatre in St Andrews, the festival is not incredibly well-known.   This may have been due to a weakness in pr strategy and demand for this kind of event. Although the comedy and poetry festivals cannot really contend with the fringe due to its mass scale, they are strong in some ways as they specialise in events for a specific target audience.   However on a larger scale, the Royal Edinburgh Military Tattoo can be seen a more pressing competitor.   With performances from 40 countries, the Tattoo invites visitors from all over the globe to not only visit the event but also perform.   Whereas at the fringe, it can be presumed that a large amount of the acts will be British.   35% of the 217,000 audience each year are from overseas which is advantageous as it means there is a great mix of cultures.   The fringe sees similar figures for its overseas percentage however towers over the tattoo with its number of visitors.   The tattoo is one main event whereas the fringe is many events over a long period.   Therefore it is difficult to compare the two as they are in completely different formats.   However unlike the fringe, t he tattoo is shown on television with 100 million viewers worldwide.   This illustrates the publicity of the tattoo making it the fringes main competitor in Scotland.   However as the fringe is the largest Arts festival in the world, naturally it will come out on top of other Scottish festivals. SWOT and PEST analysis Through the SWOT analysis it was found that:  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Strengths Brings tourism to Scotland, there is a range of entertainment available and its largest arts festival in world.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Weaknesses Acts overlap one another, too big so travel costs increase and there are not enough acts for children so may discourage families.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Opportunities Emerging acts can become recognised, it entices different cultures to experience Scotland and it creates more job opportunities in Edinburgh.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Threats The festival faces competition from rival festivals, environmental issues may prevent the festival taking place and they may have a lack of funds to support such a big event. Through the PEST analysis is was found that:  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Political It creates an environment where countries can combine and it also gives politics a light-hearted nature (by putting on plays about David Cameron, etc.).  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Economical Brings money to Scotland and it also encourages tourism.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Social There are more tourists around and it enables the Scottish culture to be recognised.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Technological A new website has been launched and so has a new iPhone app, in order to promote the Fringe. Analysis of the key public relation issues for the event Analysis of the media environment relevant to the event Opportunities and threats in terms of media relations Edinburgh Fringe is a huge Festival, so there is a chance that it will get a lot of coverage both good and bad The Edinburgh Fringe Festival is the largest arts festival in the world so media will want to cover it. Also, there are a lot of opportunities to get media coverage outside Scotland and UK, especially in the European countries that are known for their love for arts such as France, Germany and Italy. However, if something goes wrong there will definitely be a huge interest from the media therefore everyone will know about it. As Edinburgh Fringe is such a enormous event, taking place over several weeks , with so many performances going on and so many people attending there is a chance for great success as well as great damage in terms of media relations. The key media Firstly, the key media are the print media and web sites history shows that newspapers and the websites of these newspapers are the sources of reviews and media coverage in general for the Edinburgh Fringe Festival. Secondly, the electronic media is a vital key media because this festival is all about the arts therefore photographic examples are very important. Thirdly, the radio is also one of the key media as people really like hearing the interviews with the event organisers and the performers of the acts from the Festival. And finally, the television, especially important during the Festival people can see whats happening in the Festival, see something they like and decide to attend. Television also captures the mood and the atmosphere of the festival best. What would appeal to journalists and attract coverage The popularity of the festival in social networks such as twitter, facebook, etc, as well as having its own blogs creates the word-of-mouth effect thats not media generated so people get involved themselves and are not encouraged by the media but by other people. Media usually are interested if a lot of people get involved in this they are intrigued why is it so popular among the publics, is this a new phenomenon and why. It also attracts media because it seems more genuine this way the company hasnt spent lots and lots of money for campaigns to attract the attention. The media also like to write about events that are attended by celebrities because this guarantees the interest of the readers or about events that no one had expected or are shocking. Bad stories Fringe 2008 The resignation of the Edinburgh Fringe director, Jon Morgan, came at the end of a summer of bad news stories for the Edinburgh Fringe festival in 2008. Underlying them all is the question of how to cope with the unprecedented popularity of the worlds biggest arts festival. Most of the stories were about a new computer system that struggled to do the job. The  £350,000 Liquid Box Office crashed on its first day of operation, causing sales to be suspended for a week. Then it had trouble printing tickets, resulting in delays in postal bookings. Once the Fringe began, it sold too many tickets for certain shows, leading to reports of weeping youngsters being turned away.Finally the Fringe had to scrap the advertised two-for-one ticket frenzy on the final day, as the system couldnt cope. One of the bad examples is also the self-styled comedy festival which was a marketing exercise designed to attract sponsorship (which it failed to do) and spread the costs of advertising between the big four venues: Assembly, Gilded Balloon, Underbelly and Pleasance. It caused consternation by including only the comedians who were playing in those venues and threatened to damage the profile of the Fringe itself. The central box office takings had dropped by 10% that year. Good stories 2009 The Edinburgh Festival Fringe was suffering the backlash of the media on the back of a box office meltdown in 2008. The UK was in the middle of the storm of the so called credit crunch and many predicted the 2009 festival would be an expensive luxury that would be avoided by all but those most faithful to the festival. Under these circumstances it was a client that commissioned Whitespace to take a blank canvas approach and re-think the traditional approach to marketing. The result was a genuinely original and creatively challenging campaign concept and materials featuring over 100 viral videos, and, for the first time ever, a multiple set of covers for the Fringe Programme all on a very limited budget and under extremely tight deadlines. Whitespace created the concept of an iconic and metaphorical egg that symbolised the fact that the Fringe is always different, and that one can never be sure what lies within. Whitespace filmed the scientific discovery of a seemingly indestructible egg among Edinburghs tramworks. The resultant film became the viral centrepiece of the campaign. Having taken the egg to a secret Fringe laboratory overseen by Professor Ed Hegg, a series of filmed experiments ensued as he tried to reveal the eggs contents. The story was launched several months before the Fringe. Dr Ed Hegg received a page of coverage in the Scotsman; pre-launch publicity not normally received by the Fringe. Whitespace then developed a range of printed collateral, from T-shirts to banners, displays to ticket wallets and press passes, as well as a campaign microsite and a social media campaign. This included Dr Ed Heggs twitter page and blog along with shooting over 100 video experiments for inclusion on the microsite. The result was an increase of nearly 9% in ticket sales and a programme reprint. The fringe site reached 32,906 unique visitors with a low bounce rate and dwell time of, on average, 4 minutes. 10% of all fringe site visits resulted in a visit to the b ooking section of www.edfringe.com and 21% of all visits resulted in a desired action. Good Stories Fringe 2010 Fringecover was the top trending Twitter topic in Scotland on Thursday 25th and Friday 26th March and it was the second most tweeted topic across the UK. Inspired by the Fringes principle that anyone with an idea and a vision can bring their show to Edinburgh; Whitespace invited the Twitter community to tell Johanna Basford the most unusual thing theyd like to see at the 2010 Fringe supplemented by #fringecover. For two days, from 10am to 10pm on Thursday 25th and Friday 26th March, Johanna recreated Twitterers suggestions in real-time in her own unique illustrative style. The Whitespace creative team then applied Johannas illustrations to all aspects of the Fringes promotional materials including, three cover versions of the programme; the ticket, its wallet and envelope; the Fringe shops window display and pop-up exhibition panels. Audiences at the Fringe festival in Edinburgh bought nearly 2 million tickets last year, once again beating the previous years record. Kath Mainland, the events chief executive, said the sale of more than 1.95m tickets for more than 40,000 performances had shown the festival was the greatest show on earth. The Fringe said this years event, again dominated by comedy, had outstripped last year on most measures: there were 40,254 performances of 2,453 shows at 259 venues, involving more than 21,000 performers. More than 550 shows were free. A critical assessment of the success of the events PR strategy Conclusion This report has analysed different public relations aspects of the Edinburgh Fringe Festival. It has provided research on the background and history of the event, analysis of the event, analysis of the key public relations issues for the event, analysis of the media environment relevant to the event, as well as a critical assessment of the success of the events PR strategy. One of the clear thoughts after the analysis of the festival is that the Fringe has definitely experienced bad times in terms of public relations; however, the organisers have only learnt from their mistakes and chosen much better PR strategies that have resulted in growth in the ticket sales, despite the very bad economic situation. Audiences have come to know the Edinburgh festival fringe as the place to see every kind of art; from the most imaginative childrens theatre to topical and incisive comedy and theatre which challenges audiences to discuss and re-consider not only their world but the world in general. Kath Mainland, the events chief executive has said: Edinburgh is without doubt the worlds leading festival destination and audiences continued to be inspired and enthralled by the many and varied events on offer.

Theme of Hardship in The Grapes of Wrath Essay -- essays research pape

The Grapes of Wrath 'In the souls of the people, the grapes of wrath are filling and growing heavy, growing heavy for the vintage.' This quote explains the whole book. It shows the people fighting for their lives from the many hardships they face. Also, it shows that there is ups and downs in life and sometimes facing the wrath that life gives us. The first hardship in the book is when the Joads are forced off their land. They have to overcome losing their home and basically their life. Also, the Joads can relate to many people because the bank took over their life. ?The bank is something more than,it?s the monster.? (33) This passage is very right because the bank takes over everything in everyone?s life. Next, the Joads had to become bigger than themselves. They had to drop their life and move to a different state. When they arrived in California they were not accepted for who they are. To them California is a whole new universe. They were taunted and called ?Okies.? But, even before that Grandma Joad died, leaving Mama Joad very depressed. Then being to poor to afford a funeral they had to just bury grandma in a random spot. The setting and time period would change the factor of the Joads life. First, if the Joads lived in this time period many of their hardships would be different. They wouldn?t have to live in a camp and the government would support them. When the Joads live in the camp they experience the better part of their journey, While at Camp Weedpatch they receive shelter and the essentials for every... ...he question of the book is when life gets hard stick through it and live as the best you can. The Joads answered the question. Life became hard for them and they stuck through it. At the very beginning they could have gave up but they didn?t. They had a plan and went through with it. That?s why the Joads are ro-models for the families struggling. Steinbeck?s quote ?My whole work drive has been aimed at making people understand each other.? This is also what the book is about. Understanding each other is the key to surviving. In conclusion, this book explains life itself. It shows life is not perfect and sometimes giving up everything is the way to survive. There is going to be hardships in life and there?s not. In the end, understand each other and never give up.

Native Americans vs. American Settlers Essay

There are a number of dissimilarities between the Native Americans and the American Settlers. Although the Native Americans wanted to live in peace with American Settlers, their cultural differences led to warfare. This essay will compare and contrast a couple differences of these two cultures. I will discuss both groups opinion on land and resources. Then, I will explain both groups’ views on Nature. Native Americans Conserved land and viewed its resources as scared, while the Americans felt as though the land was nothing but opportunity for their colonies. While hunting, Native Americans used every piece of the animal from the hide to the bones and everything in between. They respected the land and believed it belonged to mother-nature, so it could not be owned or sold. On the other hand, American settlers viewed the land and its resources as limitless opportunity. â€Å"It is little wonder they went land-mad, because there was so much of it† (Steinbeck 69). They invaded the lands claiming territory, killing buffalo, and plowing through the grassy plains to make room for their crops. American settlers often fought to try to obtain land that they thought was free for the taking, whereas, the Native Americans tried to live in harmony with nature and its inhabitants. In the movie, We Shall Remain, Native Americans would try and negotiate with the Americans only to be threatened with the violence of warfare. Native Americans believed the creator put everything on this earth to live together and be used respectfully. They accepted nature and did not try to change it. The American settlers, however, didn’t hold the same beliefs. â€Å"The railroads brought new hordes of land-crazy people, and the new Americans moved like locust across the continent†¦ Coal and copper drew them on; they savaged the land, gold-dredged the rivers to skeletons of pebbles and debris† (Steinbeck 69). They viewed nature as nothing more than an obstacle and commodity. American settlers engaged in warfare, defending what they thought they discovered, to claim as their own. They were land hungry and the more they got, they more they wanted. American colonist never tried to understand the Native American’s culture. Instead they tried to push their European based ways onto them. This, in turn, caused a number of wars between the two. Sometimes it’s better to agree to disagree rather than to wage war on what is believed to be right/wrong. Works cited Steinbeck, John. â€Å"Explaining Relationships: Americans and the Land. † the Composition of Everyday Life. 3rd ed. Boston: Wadsworth, 2010. Pgs. 68-70. Print. We Shall Remain. Dir. Ric Burns. Perf. Benjamin Bratt, Alex Meraz, Dweir Brown. PBS Home Video, 2009. Film.

Masters in Marketing Management Question Papers

Question Papers 2007 Semester ? I Sub Code| Subject Name| 2007| 2007| 101| P P M| May| Oct| 102| Principles of Marketing| May| Oct| 103| Fundamental of Management Accounting| May| Oct| 104| Managerial Economics| May| Oct| 105| Research Methodology| May| Oct| 106| Consumer Behaviour| May| Oct| Semester ? II Sub Code| Subject Name| 2007| 2007| 201| Service Marketing| May| Oct| 202| Retail Marketing| May| Oct| 203| Sales Management & Personnel Selling | May| Oct| 204| Distribution Management & Logistics| May| Oct| 205| Marketing Research| May| Oct| 206| Relationship Marketing| May| Oct|Semester ? III Sub Code| Subject Name| 2007| 2007| 301| International Marketing| May| Oct| 302| Marketing and The Laws| May| Oct| 303| Financial Services Marketing| May| Oct| 304| Integrated Marketing Communication| May| Oct| 305| Retail Operation Management| May| Oct| 306| | May| Oct| Semester ? IV Sub Code| Subject Name| 2007| 2007| 401| Brand Management| May| Oct| 402| Strategic Marketing| May| Oct| 403| Export Documentation & Forex Marketing| May| Oct| 404| Direct Marketing| May| Oct| 405| Industrial Marketing| May| Oct| 406| Rural & Agricultural Marketing| May| Oct| Total No. f questions :7 MAY 2007 Total no. of printed pages 1 3178-101 MMM(semester-II)Examination -2007 PRINCIPLE AND PRACTICES OF MANAGEMENT (New course) Time 3 hours Max Marks 70 Instructions: 1) Attempt all question Q. 1)Define Management. Explain Henry Fayols Principle of management [20] OR Q. 1) Explain the term of Motivation along with its significance to organizational productivity . Discuss the Maslaws Theory of need of hierarchy in detail. Q. 2) Explain the basic function of management.Do these function vary from industry to industry? Explain. OR Q. 2) Explain in detail Management Thoughts from the industrial revolution to knowledge based society of 21st century. Q. 3) Discuss the various leadership styles along with examples. OR Q. 3) Explain the Dynamics of Group Behavior. Do the group i nfluence on individual and group decision- making? Explain. Q. 4) Write short notes (Any four) a)Corporate social responsibility b)Hawthrone Experiments c)Quality Circles d)Perception e)The Self Concept and Self Esteem ————————————————- f)Shaping of personality Semester ITotal No. of questions :6 MAY 2007 Total no. of printed pages 1 3178-102 MMM(semester-II)Examination -2007 PRINCIPLRS OF MARKETING (New course) Time 3 hours Max Marks 70 Instructions: 1) Attempt any 5 question 2) each carry equal mark Q1)Chanel decisions cannot be taken without referrringto the PLC stage of a product Critically examine the statement with example Q2) The modern Marketing Manager has to play more responsible and versatile role as compared to Traditional Marketing Manager CommentQ3)Design Marketing Mix stategy for the following product: (a)Milk based Soft Drink (b)Electric Shaver Q4)You want to launch new product of Ayurvedic Dantamanjan . What are the different step you will take to promote this product? Why? Q5)What are the different objective of Advertising? Explain with examples and applicability with respect to PLC? Q6)Write short note on any two: (a)Ethics in Marketing (b)Industrial Vs Consumer Market (c)Product Packaging ————————————————- (d)Online Marketing Semester I Total No. of questions :8 MAY 2007 Total no. of printed pages 2 178-103 MMM(semester-II)Examination -2007 FUDAMENTALS OF MANAGEMEN ACCOUNTING (New course) Time 3 hours Max Marks 70 Instructions: 1) Attempt any 2 question from each section 2) Figures to the right indicate full marks. SECTION-I Q 1)How is Prime cost different from marginal cost? State the element of cost including in the two types of cost indicating there significance in cost accounting? Q 2) Explain various methods of segr egating fixed and variable overhead costs? Q 3)What are the various methods of pricing material issue?When do you advocate pricing the issue at cost price based on the last in first out method? Q 4) ? A good system of costing serves as a mean of control over the expenditure and helps to secure economy in manufacture? Discuss? SECTION-II Q 5)From the following information for the month of January prepare a cost sheet to show the following components 1 . prime cost 2 . factor cost 3 . cost of production 4 . total cost Direct material 57000 Direct wages 28500 Factory rent and rates 2500 Office rent and rates 500 Plant repair and maintenance 1000 Plant description 1250 Factory managers salary 2000Office salary 1600 Directors remuneration 1500 Telephone and postage 200 Printing and stationary 100 Legal charges 150 Advertising 1500 Salesman salary 2500 Showroom rent 500 Sales 116000 Q 6. )following particulars related to production department of factory for the month of june are , Materia l used 80000 Direct wages 72000 Direct labour hours worked 20000 Hours of machine operation 25000 Overhead charges 90000 Cost data of particular order carried out in the above department during the june are given below Material used 8000Direct wages 6200 Labour hours 3300 Machine hour 2400 What would be the factory cost of the work order under the following method of charging overheads? Q 7) per unit cost structure of single product manufacturing company as below Selling price 100 Direct material 60 Direct labour 10 Variable overhead 10 Number of unit sold in the year are 5035 as per agreement with the employee union there will be an increase of 10% in direct wages Calculate; (1)how many more unites have to be sold next year to maintain some quantum of profits. (2)By what percentage selling price has to be raised to maintain the same P/V ratio ?Q 8) white a short note (any four) 1) Transfer pricing 2) pricing of issue 3) financial accounting VS cost accounting 4) prerequisite of mat erial purchase ————————————————- 5)labour cost Semester ? I Total No. of questions :7 MAY 2007 Total no. of printed pages 1 3178-104 MMM(semester-II)Examination -2007 MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS (New course) Time 3 hours Max Marks 70 Instructions: 1) Attempt any 5 question 2) each carry equal mark Q1)What is Managerial Economics?Explain the relationship of Micro Economics with Managerial Economics. Q2)Define Product Function Explain Increasing, Constant and Decreasing Return to scale. Q3)(a)Describe characteristic features of Oligopoly. (b)Why Perfect Competiton is socially and economically describe? Q4)What is cost Benefit Analysis? Explain its practical significance. Q5)(A)Explain break-even analysis. (B) Justify the need of Government? s Intervention in the Market Economy. Q6)Discuss Pricing Method followed by the Business Firm. Q7)Write note on (any two) (a)Type of Demand Ela sticity (b)Merits and Demerits of Co-operative society (c)Privet Good Vs Public Good ———————————————— (d)Economic Liberalization Semester ? I Total No. of questions :7 MAY 2007 Total no. of printed pages 1 3178-105 MMM(semester-II)Examination -2007 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY (New course) Time 3 hours Max Marks 70 Instructions: 1) Question 1 &6 arecompulsary 2) attempt any 3 from remaining. Q1)Attempt any two: (a)Explain various steps involved in the Research Process. (b)Represent the following data by a Pie Chart:t ITEMMaterialLabourFuelOverheadsExpenditure in Rs. 150020004000500 (c) Elaborate different type of Research Designs. Q2)Explain the merits and demerits of ? Questionnaire Method?. Also explain the essentials of a Good Questionnaire. (3)What is Experimental Method? Explain different types of experiment al Methods of Pointing out their merits and demerits. Q4)(A)Expl ain various sources of secondary data (B)Explain the Layout of aTable. Q5)Explain the layout and essential qualities of Research report. Q6)Write Short Notes On: (a)Validity in Measurement (b)Observation (c)Pictogram (d)Qualities of a Workable Hypothesis (e)Sampling and Non-sampling erros ———————————————— (f)Editing of Data Semester ? I Total No. of questions :6 MAY 2007 Total no. of printed pages 1 3178-106 MMM(semester-II)Examination -2007 CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR (New course) Time 3 hours Max Marks 70 Instructions: 1) Attempt any 5 question 2) each carry equal mark Q1)Using the concept of Consumer Dictated Product Development, explain how you would launch a new product in the market? Q2)What are the factors which influence a Consumer? s Decision-making Process?Explain with the help of an example. Q3)How does consumer decision making change as purchase involvement increases? Q 4)Discuss the psychological factor influencing Consumer Behaviour with suitable examples. Q5)Explain any one model of Consumer Behviour with suitable examples. Q6)Write short notes on any two (a) Consumerism (b)Personality and self concept ————————————————- (c)Extent of reference group influence Oct 2007 . [3278]-101 M. M. M. (Semester – I) Examination – 2007 PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES OF MANAGEMENT Time: 3 Hours]:[Max. Marks: 70 Instruction: (1) All questions are compulsory.Q. l) Define Management. Explain: F. W. Taylor is known as ‘Father of Scientific Management'. [20] OR Q. l) What is Corporate Social Responsibility? Does it contribute to increase the Goodwill of the Organization. Explain with example. [20] Q. 2) Explain McGregor's Theory of Work Motivation and discuss its application in Industry. [15] OR Q. 2) Discuss various components of Management Process in brief. [15] Q. 3) Discuss various Leadership Traits of an effective leader. [15] OR Q. 3) Explain the Process of Team Building and elaborate the principles of effective Team Work. [15] Q. ) Write short notes: (Any Four) [20] a) Group Dynamics b) Knowledge Workers c) TQM d) Functions of Top Management e) Role of Individual Behaviour in Organization f) Various Approaches to Management ******************************************************* Semester ? I Oct 2007 [3278]-102 M. M. M. (Semester ? I) PRINCIPLES OF MARKETING Time: 3 Hours] [Max. Marks: 70 Instructions: 1) Answer any five questions. 2) All questions carry equal marks. 3) Neat diagrams must be drawn wherever necessary. Q. ) ? Marketing has evolved a great deal since the early days of distribution and sales orientation.? Discuss.. . Q. 2) A cellular phone manufacturing company has produced some models with different brands. Explain how you will build the brand equity through advertising. Q. 3) What do you mean by t he term ? Distribution Intensity Illustrate your answer. Q. 4) Explain how technological, political and socio-cultural factors affect the Advertising Style and Process. Q. 5) Explain the concept of PLC. Discuss how and why the relative importance and various elements of Marketing Mix will change with a product? stage in the PLC. Q. 6) Write short notes on any two: (a) Obstacles to Marketing Control (b) Marketing Audit (c) New Trends in Packaging (d) Marketing Process ************************************************************ Semester ? I Oct 2007 [3278]-103 M. M. M. (Semester – I) Examination – 2007 FUNDAMENTALS OF MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING Time: 3 Hours] [Max. Marks: 70 Instructions: 1) Question No. 1 is compulsory. 2) Attempt any two questions from section 1 and section II each . 3) Figures to the right indicate marks. ) Use of simple calculator is allowed. Q. l) Define Management Accounting and state its limitations. [10] SECTION – I Q. 2) What do you understan d by the tenns Break-even Point, Contribution and Margin of Safety? Explain your answer by drawing a chart with assumed figures. [15] Q. 3) Explain various steps in which a raw material moves in a manufacturing organization till it gets consumed in the. production. Give the fonnat of various documents which are prepared in the process. ‘ [15] Q. 4) What is the meaning of Budget and Budgetary Control?State and explain various budgets which can be established in the following functional areas of operation: [15] (1) Sales / Marketing (2) Finance Q. 5) Write short notes on : (Any Three) [05Ãâ€"03=15] a) Transfer Pricing b) Sunk Cost and Opportunity Cost c) Advantages of Standard Costing d) Cost Unit and Cost Centre SECTION – II Q. 6) Following figures are extracted from the accounts of MIs. Kishor Co. for the month of June, 2005 : [15] Production Depts. Service Depts. | | | | PI| P2| SI| S2| S3| | (Rs. )| (Rs. )| (Rs. )| (Rs. ) (Rs. ) (Rs. )| Indirect Material| | 280| 140| 170| 350| 160| Indirect Wages| | 324| 312| 296| 190| 218| Power and Light| 3,000| | | | | | Supervision Charges| 2,200| | | | | | Rent and Taxes| 500| | | | | | Insurance on Assets| ro| | | | | | Depreciation at 12% p. a. on capital value of assets to be considered. From the above infQrmation and the following departmental data, prepare overhead recovery rates for the production department PI and P2 on the basis of direct labour hours.The expenses of service departments should be apportioned straight to the production department, with the information that S 1 is tool room, S2 is maintenance department and S3 is stores department. Departmental Data| PI| P2| 81| 82| 83| Area (Sq. ft)| 400| 200| 100| 200| 100| Capital Value of Assets (Rs. )| 8,000| 4,000| 7,000| 5,000| 6,000| Kilowatt Hours| 4,000| 3,000| 1,000| 1,000| 1,000| Number of Employees| 150| 100| 75| 100| 125| Direct Labour Hours| 5,000| 5,000| | | | Number of Requisitions| 1,000| 300| | | | Q. 7) Following transactions have taken place in respect of a material duringMarch, 2001 : [15] Date 1 Opening Balance 500 units @ Rs. 6 per unit 5 Purchased 100 units @ Rs. 7 per unit 7 Issued 400 units 9 Purchased 300 units @ Rs. 8 per unit 19 Issued 250 units 22 Issued 50 units 25 Purchased 300 units @ Rs. 7. 50 per unit 30 Issued 250 units Prepare the Stores Ledger assuming that the issues are valued on FIFO and LIFO basis. Q. 8) Following details are available frOill the records or Amrut Ltd. For a month regarding the standard labour hours and rates of an hour for a product:Hours Rate per hour Total Rs. Rs. Skilled 10 3. 00 30. 00 Semi-skilled8 1. 50 12. 00 Unskilled16 1. 00 16. 00 _________________ 58. 00 The actual production for the product was 1,500 units for which the actual hours worked and rates were as follows: Hours Rate per hour Total Rs. Rs. Skilled 13,500 3. 50 47,250 Semi-skilled12,600 1. 0 22. 680 Unskilled30,000 1. 20 36. 000 (a)Labour Cost Variance (b)Labour Rate Variance (c)Labour Efficiency V ariance (d)Labour Mix Variance (e)Labour Cost Variance [15] Q~9) What do you mean by Elements of Cost? How the cost is classified into various elements of cost? Draft a standard format of a cost sheet for a machine tool manufacturing company. Make the necessary assumptions. [15] *********************************************************** Semester ? IOct 2007 [3278]-104 M. M. M.. ( Semester – I) Examination – 2007 MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS Time: 3 Hours] [Max. Marks: 70 Instructions: (1) Answer any five questions. (2) All questions carry equal marks. (3) Draw neat diagram wherever necessary. Q. l) What is Managerial Economics? State its nature, scope and applications. Q. 2) Explain Profit and Sales Maximization as an organisational goal. Q. 3) What is Demand Forecasting? Explain methods of demand forecasting for established product. Q. 4) State and explain the Law of Variable Proportions. Q. ) Why Perfect Competition is socially and economically justifiable? Q. 6) (A) Descri be the need for Government Intervention in the Market. (B) What are the advantages and disadvantages of Economic Liberalisation ? Q. 7) Write notes on: (Any Two) a) Types of Price Elasticity of Demand b) Support and Administered Prices c) Public Goods Vs. Private Goods d) Protection of Consumer's Interest ************************************************** Semester ? I Oct 2007 [3278]-105 M. M. M. (Semester – I) sem-2007 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Time: 3 Hours] [Max. Marks: 70Instructions: (1) Question Nos. 1 and 6 are compulsory. (2) Attempt any three questions from the remaining. (3) Figures to the right indicate full marks. Q. l) Attempt any two of the following: [20] (a)What is Research? Explain the objectives and types of Research. (b)What is Scientific Method? Explain its relation to research. (c)Draw Histogram and Frequency Curve from the following data: X| 0-10| 10-20| 20-30| 30-40| 40-50| f| 8| 17| 25| 12| 6| Q. 2) (A) Explain the nature and scope of Social Research. [05] (B) What is Hypothesis? Explain the characteristics of a Hypothesis. 05] Q. 3) Explain the meaning, role and difficulties of ‘Interview' as a method of data collection. [10] Q. 4) Explain various steps involved in the analysis of data. [10] Q. 5) Explain the importance and sources of Secondary Data. [10] Q. 6) Write short notes on : (Any Four) [20] (a)Sampling Design (b)Sources of Errors (c)Scaling Techniques (d)Experimental Design (e)Use of Computers in Research (t)Tests of Sound Measurement ****************************************************************** Semester ? I Oct 2007 1 [3278]-106 M. M. M. (Semester – I) Examination ? 007 CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR [ Time: 3 Hours] [ Max. Mlarks : 70] Instructions: (1) Attempt any five questions. (2) All questions carry equal marks. Q. l) How is the field of Consumer Behaviour defined? What are the major uses or applications of understanding Consumer Behaviour? Q. 2) . Explain the demographic and psychological factors influencing co nsumer behaviour with relevant examples. Q. 3) Discuss the role of personality and self-concept in Shaping Consumer Behaviour. Q. 4) What is meant by Motive Hierarchy? How does ~1aslow's Hierarchy of needs fUnction?.Q. 5) Define Consumer Satisfaction. What is the r~lationship between Consumer Satisfaction, Repeat Purchase and Committed Customer. Q. 6) How does consumer decision-maki. llg change as purchase involvement increases? Q:7) Write short notes on any two: a) Consumerism b) Effect of Culture and Subculture on Indian Consumer ————————————————- c) Components of Attitude. Semester ? I Total No. of questions :6 MAY 2007 Total no. of printed pages 2 3178-201 MMM(semester-II)Examination -2007 201:Service Marketing New course) Time 3 hours Max Marks 70 Instructions: 1) Answer any TWO question out of Q1 TO Q4 each carry equal mark 2)Q5 & Q6 are compulsory, each carry 20 marks 3) use examples, model etc. Q 1)liberalization privatization and globalization has propelled growth of services sector in India in 5-6 years ,Do you agree with the statement ? justify your answer. Q 2) In financial services marketing process and physical evidence are very important discuss this statement giving suitable examplesQ 3) what is services marketing segmentation ? discuss and elaborate as to how segmentation and positioning is achived in tourism marketing . Q 4) billjunctin. com is an e-bill pay service of icici bank, which has proved to be very successful , compared to physical bill payment collection service. Which distribution strategies of these services , do you think have made this billjunction. com successful ? why? Q 5) write short notes on any four (a) services blue print (b) SERVQAL and GAP model (c) four I s of services (d) advertising and sale promotion in service industry. (e) requirements for customer retension in service industry f) KPO Q6) Case study: The new incombent to the office of the Cheife General Manager of the Muncipal Transportation is wondering how to make the operation profitabal. He has jotted some of his finding about the current state of affairs. ?The Municipal Trasportation has alarge, ageing fleet of buses. Induction of new buses is a case is acase of ? too late-too few? ?The geographical expanse of the city it serve is big. city areas have several government office , hospitals and educational institute , not to mention huge residential unites employing a large number citizens of the city and adjoining suburbs. The ratio of number of employees to a vehicle operated by the trasport matches unfavourably with the standard norms, ie to say the trasport is over staffed. Inspite of thise, in the opinion of public the buses are not clean break down frequently and do not stick to a time-table. Business, the ? staff? of the trasport is infamously known for being rude. ?A recent survey has showed that (rather surprisingly to the Chief G M)most computer will like and prefer to travel by the Municiple Transport , rather than using their personal trasport means (cars motorcycle etc ) They only only hope, the fares will be low. ———————————————— The Chief General Manager has appointed you, as marketing manager of this muncipal transport. Present a detailed scheme for successful marketing of this public transport system. Semester ? II Total No. of questions :5 MAY 2007 Total no. of printed pages 1 3178-202 MMM(semester-II)Examination -2007 202:RETAIL MARKETING (New course) Time 3 hours Max Marks 70 Instructions: 1) ALLquestion are compulsory 2) each carry equal markQ1) Describe in detail the characteristic of atleast six different types of Retailers Q2)Explain giving all relevant detail , the factors considered in planning retail store layout and also the interiors designing . Q3)choose any high profile retailer like shooperstop / big bazaar known to you. Describe in detail who they use store based, merchandise based, retail marketing communication in the form of advertising and point of sell promotional materials. Q4)The competition between traditional retailer and ultra modern super market that occupy about 40000 sq ft floor area , is generating debates presently in society.Do you belive that traditional retailers will continue to prosper in such competition? Justify your answer discussing all aspect involved in detail. 5)Write short notes on all of the following a) retail store organized by district wise consumers cooperative society which also has network of some branches in villages. b) Bar coding method and its use ————————————————- c)Managing Reverse Logistic in retail . Semester ? II Total No. of questions :8 MAY 2007 Total no. of printed pages 2 3178-203 MMM(semester-II)Examination -2007 03:SALES MANAGEMENT AND PERSONAL SELLING (New course) Time 3 hours Max Marks 70 Instructions: 1) Answer any 5 question 2) each carry equal mark Q1) Explain why sells management is consider as an important function? Q2) compare top down and bottom up approach and explain weather they should give sells manager the some figure of the company sell forecast. Q3)What is sells budgets ? What are the purposes of sells budgets ? What procedure is typically followed by a company to prepair its sales budgets?Q4) What are sales quotas and why its important for a sales manager to sets quota? s for sale people? Q5)(a)Why line sales organization is not suited to a large organization (b) Which type of basic organization structure would you recommend for a large company operating globally and trying to gain greater customer responsive ness and efficiencies ? Q6)What are measure stages in the sells force staffing process? Which activity or part is considered by sell s managers as the most difficult in the entire staffing process and why? Q7)(a)Briefly describe the procedure for designing sales territory b)Why a good number of companies are in inceasingly using assessment centers as a tool of selection process? Q8)(a)What is the difference bet a prospect ,suspect and sales lead ? ————————————————- (b)how sells people understand prospect need? Semester ? II Total No. of questions :7 MAY 2007 Total no. of printed pages 1 3178-204 MMM(semester-II)Examination -2007 204:DISTRIBUTION AND LOGISTIC MANAGEMENT (New course) Time 3 hours Max Marks 70Instructions: 1) ALLquestion are compulsory 2) each carry equal mark Q1)Identify and explain the various entities (things) that flow between a supplier and a customer during physical distribution. Q2) Discuss with the help of appropriate example : ? Middlemen are necessary evils.? Q3) Present and just ify a scheme of distribution channel for each of the following: (a)High-tech High-value industrial products (b)Bio-technology based Product to Boost Agriculture Yield (c)Low-price Readymade Cloth Q4) Discuss the Role of information Technology in Logistics , quoting suitable examples.Q5) Describe the scope and significance of supply chain management. Q6) Identify various opportunities for controlling the cost in a distribution channel. Q7)Write short note on any two: (a)Channel Leadership (b)Changing Nature of retail business ————————————————- (c)Global Marketing Channels. Semester ? II Total No. of questions :7 MAY 2007 Total no. of printed pages 1 3178-205 MMM(semester-II)Examination -2007 205:MARKET RESEARCH (New course) Time 3 hours Max Marks 70Instructions: 1) Attempt any 5 question 2) each carry equal mark Q1) ? Market Research is a vary important tool for the decisio n makers of today in the Corporate Indian Environment.? Discuss and analyse. Q2) What are the steps in setting up and implementing a Marketing Research Project? Q3)Design a questionnaire for exploring possibility of launching a new English Daily in the State of Mharashtra. Q4) What do you understand by Sampling ? Explain Non-probability Sampling Technique with appropriate examples. Q5)What do you understand by Scaling Technique?Different Rating and ranking scale with appropriate example. Q6) Formulate a Research Design for potential assessment study for exterior domestic paint in rural area of Maharashtra and Gujarat Q7) Write short note (a)Dos and Dont for the questionnaire formulation (b)Retail audit (c)Ethics in marketing ————————————————- (d)Types of Rearch Data Semester ? II Total No. of questions :6 MAY 2007 Total no. of printed pages 2 3178-206 MMM(semester-II)Exami nation -2007 206:Relationship Marketing (New course)Time 3 hours Max Marks 70 Instructions: 1) Answer any TWO question out of Q1 TO Q4 each carry equal mark 2)Q5 & Q6 are compulsory, each carry 20marks 3) use examples, model etc. Q1)Outline the various factor which have influanced the Evolution of Transection-based into the Relationship-based Marketing. Q2)Explain in details the inter-linkinges among the rececy , frequency and lifetime value consepts. Quote examples, in support of your view point. Q3) ?A loyal customer, usually is more benificial to a firm , though new customer have to be aquired.? Disscuss quoting approriate examples. Q4)Discuss how the Information Technology affects the building and strengthening of relationship in the marketing context. Cite examples. Q5)write short notes On any four: (a)Decision making Process (b)Partnering (c) Intarnal Marketing (d) Barriers to Switching (e) CRM Consept (f) Value Of Complaints. —————â€⠀Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€- Q6)Assume you are In Charge of a Delership Business Firm. You belive that by retaining customer you enhaance the firm profitablity.You therefore, plan to get the support of all the internal / external stake-holders (domains) of your business to build alasting relationship with the customer(market). Present a detailed scheme for this purpose. You may assume a product/ service offering of your choice. Semester ? II [3278]-201 M. M. M. (Semester.. II) Examination.. 2007 SERVICES MARKETING Time: 3 Hours] [Max. Marks: 70 Instructions: (1) Attempt any five questions. (2) All questions carry equal marks. Q. l) Explain in details, which aistribution strategies you will adopt for ‘ServiceMarketing' ? Q. 2) â€Å"Service Blueprints, Service Mapping and Managing Employees for ‘Service Orientations' are pillars on which building of ‘Service Industry' rely upon. † Do you agree with this s tatement? Quote examples in support of your answer. Q. 3) Write an essay on ‘Role of Advertising and Sales Promotion' in Service Industry. Q. 4) Which issues are involved in ‘Marketing of Services' ? How you will solve those issues? Q. 5) Which are the ‘Distinctive Characteristics' of Services? Also explain 4 I's of Services. Q. 6) How you will market ‘Charities Services† and ‘Technological Services' ?In support of your answer, quote practical examples. [3278]-201 1 P. T. O Q. 7) Write short notes on any three: a) Social Services of Non-profit Organization b) GAP Model c) Handling of Services Complaints d) Nature of Services e) M~keting Mix in Service Industry ————————————————- Semester ? II Oct 2007 [3278]-202 M. M. M. (Semester – II) Examination – 2007 RETAIL MARKETING.. Time: 3 Hours] [Max. Marks: 70 Instructions: 1 ) Ai l questions are compulsory. (2) Every question carries fourteen marks. Q. l) Explain in details the factors that must be considered for the site selection of Retail Store. [14] Q. 2) Selecting the variety of products that constitute the entire merchandise and also managing efficiently the inventory of these products: these are critically important for success in Retailing. Do you agree? Justify your answer by giving all relevant details and suitable examples. [14] Q. 3) Describe in details, how the application of Information Technology has improved the following operations in Retailing:[14] )Just in Time R~plenishment of Stocks 2)Rapid Adaptation to Change in Market Trends 3)Category Management Q. 4) Explain in details the following concepts :[14] 1) Retailers are the most important source for getting the vital feed back given by the ultimate consumers. 2) Majority of Retailers have prospered by effectively implementing: ‘Proximity Retailing'. Give suitable examples. 3) Specia lity Retailers like Dass Electronics; Sony Exclusive Show Rooms, P. N. Gadgil Jewellers etc. have become popular by skillfully practising: ‘Destination Retailing'. Q.S) Write short notes on all of the following: (a) Managing IN-store Promotions [05] (b) Quick Response Inventory Planning [05] ( c) Category Management[04] ****************************************************** Semester ? II Oct 2007 [3278]-203 M. M. M. (Semester – II) Examination ? 2007 SALES MANAGEMENT AND PERSONAL SELLING Time: 3 Hours] [Max. Marks: 70 Instructions: ( 1) Solve any five questions. (2) All questions carry equal marks. Q. ) (A) What is Sales Management? (B) Describe any one of the- qualitative -methods of sales forecasting and ndicate its advantages and disadvantages. Q. 2) What is a Sales Budget? What are- the purposes of the Sales Budget? What procedure is typically followed by a company to prepare. its sales budget? Q. 3) (A) What is a Sales Territory ? (B) How should a Sales Manager ass ign sales people to territories? Q. 4) Explain the methods used by companies for setting sales quotas. Q. 5) What are the basic concepts of a Sales Organisation? Explain anyone of those concepts. Q. 6) Why many companies have developed separate organisation structures and marketing programmes for major accounts?What alternative organisational methods are available for Sales Managers for dealing effectively with major customers? Q. 7) Mention various internal and external sources used by companies for locating and identifying the prospective candidates? Why employee referral programmes or schemes are becoming one of the most popular methods of locating sales recruits? Q. 8) (A) How Relationship Selling is different than Transaction Oriented Selling? (B)In what manner the approach step is different than the pre-approach step? Describe briefly different approach techniques used by sales people? ************************************************************************** Semester ? II Oct 2007 [3278]-204 M. M. M. (Semester – II) Examination ? 2007 DISTRIBUTION MANAGEMENT AND LOGISTICS Time: 3 Hours] [Max. Marks: 70 Instructions: (1) Answer any five questions. (2) All questions carry equal marks. Q l) Explain the terms: Physical Distribution, Logistics, Supply Chain. Discuss their role in Marketing. Q. 2) What is Wholesaling? What functions do wholesalers perform? Outline various decision areas in wholesaling. Q. 3) Discuss various components of Physical Distribution System and explain heir impact on cost and customer service levels. Q. 4) Discuss various channel options available to a fmn selling photocopying machines nationally. Explain the functions to be carried out by every member of the channel. Q. 5) Design a marketing channel for the distribution of anyone of the following: (1) Mutual Funds (2) Pre-paid Mobile Phone Cards (3) Advertising Space in a Newspaper Q. 6) (A)What is a Consumer Panel? (B) How will you carry out Test Marketing for a new soft dri nk ? (C) Explain Focus Group Interviews. Q. 7) Highlight various applications areas of Marketing Research. ********************************************************** Semester ? II Oct 2007 [3278J.. 205 M. M. M~ (Semester – II}' Examination – 2007 Marketing Research Time: 3 Hours] [Max. Marks: 70 Instruction: 1) Attempt any five questions. 2) All questions carry equal marks. Q. 1 a) Define Market Research. b) Sate and explain various limitations of Market Research. Q. 2a) Which are the various sources of Marketing data? b) Describe various methods of Primary Data Collection. Q. 3a) What is the Questionnaire? b) What are the characteristics of good questionnaire? ) What are the advantage and demerits of Questionnaire Methods? Q. 4Explain probability and Non-probability sampling techniques/sampling methods. How will you design the sample? Q. 5Write short notes on : (Any Two) a) Primary Data ? Advantages and limitations b) Secondary Data – Advantages and limitations c) National Readership survey d) Retail Store Audit Q. 6a) What is consumer panel? b) How will you carry out Test Marketing for a new soft drink? c) Explain Focus Group Interviews ————————————————- Q. 7Highlight various applications areas of Marketing research. Semester ? IIOct 2007 [3278J.. 206 M. M. M~ (Semester – II}' Examination – 2007 RELATIONSHIP MARKETING Time: 3 Hours] [Max. Marks: 70 Instructions: (1) Q. Nos. 1 and 6 are compulsory and carry 20 marks each. (2) Attempt any two questions from among the Q. No. 2 to 5. Each of these questions, carries 15 marks. Q. l) Write notes on any four: (a)Customer Profitability (b)Database of Customers (c)Customer Orientation (d)Value of Complaints (e)RFM (t)Mass Customization Q. 2) For a firm having a small portfolio of products, identify the multiple market domains.How will the careful cultivation of these domai ns, lead to success in the customer market? Q. 3) How is physical distribution system benefitted by the use of Relationship Marketing Principles? Explain describing situations in corporate world. Q. 4) Examine the Contribution of Information Technology to the practice of Relationship Marketing. Q. S) Describe the evolving scenario of customer bonding. How will you Classify the companies on the basis of their promptness in bonding the customers? Q. 6) Managing Director of YANTRA Ltd. ad recently attended a profitability- related workshop by a leading management consultant. He is particularly impressed by the necessity to manage the Internal Markets of an organization to ensure a deeper (positive) impact on customers of the company. YANTRA Ltd. has a 6-tier organization structure, 10 departments, 10 managers 50 officers, 100 supervisors, 500 workmen. As a relationship marketinl consultant, you are to develop a plan to enhance the internal environment so as to impact the customer marke ts. [Your Managing Director suggests, you can start with ‘System-Culture- ————————————————-Communication' triad. ] Semester ? III Total no of question :6 Total no pages:3 [3178]-301 May 2007 M. M. M (semester ? III) examination ? 2007 INTERNATIONAL MARKETING (New course) Time : 3 HoursMax Marks: 70 Instruction 1) Question No 6 case study is compulsory. 2) Attempt any three question from Q 1 to Q 5. 3) Figures to the right indicate marks. Q1) what are the Objective of International Marketing? What are its challenging aspects? Q2) As far as packaging and leveling is concerned what are the adaptation required to be done for products in international market? What are the compelling and voluntary reason?Q 3) Explain various possible distribution channels in International marketing? Q 4) Explain the importance of INCOTERMS. Discuss various INCOTERMS 2000 from the point of view of cost and responsibility implications. Q 5) write short notes on any four: a) Political risk b) Impact of culture in International marketing c) Joint venture as an Entry strategy d) Indian MNEs e) Data collection problems in International marketing research f) Global retailer Q 6) Case study ? Coca cola: On June 13, 1999 Coca cola recalled over 15 million cans and bottles after the Belgian Health Ministry announced a ban on Coke? drinks, which were suspected of making more than 100 school children ill in the preceding six days. This recall was in addition to the 2. 5 million bottles that had already been recalled in the previous week. The company? s products had been bottled in Antwerp, Ghent and Wilrijk, Belgium, while some batches were also produced in Dunkirk, France. Children in 6 schools in Belgium had complained of headache, nausea, vomiting and shivering which ultimately led to hospitalization after drinking coke beverage. Most of them reported an Unusual Odor and off taste in the drink.In the same week, the Governments of France, Spain and Luxembourg also banned coke? s products while coke? s Dutch arm recalled all products that had come from its Belgium plant. The entire episode left more than 200 Belgians and French school children ill. The company had to assure its British customers that the products made in its UK factories were safe. By June 15, 1999 coke had recalled about 30 million cans and bottles, the largest ever recall in its 113 year history. For the first time, the entire inventories of coke? s products from one country were banned from sale.As part of a damage control exercise, coke sent a team of scientists to Europe. The CEO Micha Douglas apologized to its European customers. Coke Belgium announced that it would reimburse the medical costs for the ill. The recall had a significant negative impact coming down by 21% to $ 942 mn. Moreover, the entire operation cost coke $ 103 mn while its European bottling venture showed a 5% fall in revenues. Analysts felt that the Belgium recall was one of the worst public relations problems in coke? s history. It was alleged that the company had information about people who had become ill weeks prior to the above incidents.Coke had an opportunity to disclose this information; but chose not to do so and was accused of being unethical. Another issue that worried analysts was the illness causes to the innocent school children. They blamed coke? s promotion strategy to sell soft drinks to school children, which had raised a lot of controversies in the U. S. After the crisis, coke investigated the problem by testing the suspect batches for chemicals. The company claimed that the test showed nothing toxic in the beverages. The company said that there had been separate errors in two plants.The products from Antwerp plant had a strange odor as some fungicide had accidently fallen on the exterior of the cans. In addition, they had determined that the strange taste was the result o f a sub-standard gas used to carbonate the product Analysts said that coke had not handled the situation well and its media message was confusing, inconsistent and muddled. Coke alternately claimed that pesticide residue on the can or bottle or a bad batch of carbon-di-oxide was to be blamed for the off taste. On the other hand, the company also insisted that there was never any health threat. A company spokesman assured consumers, ?It may make you feel sick, but it is not harmful?. In August, 1999, the European commission reprimanded coke, asserting that the company had not cooperated adequately and its explanations were not entirely satisfactory. It also said that errors were committed in the selection of plant or the dosage of extracts in coke? s own concentrate. While no deaths were linked to the coke problems, it had a significant negative impact on the public confidence in Europe. 1) Analyse the case from the perspective of ethical issues involved in country risk analysis. 2) ————————————————-Analyse the actions taken by Coke during and ager the crisis Semester ? III Total no of question :7 Total no pages:1 [3178]-302 May 2007 M. M. M (semester ? III) examination ? 2007 MARKETING AND THE LAWS (New course) Time : 3 HoursMax Marks: 70 Instruction 1) Attempt any five questions. 2) All question carry equal marks. Q. 1) Define Proposal. What are the legal rules for valid proposal? Explain with illustrations. Q. 2) Define conditions and warranties in a contract of Sale. What are implied conditions and implied warranties? Q. 3) What are the various modes of creation of Agency? What are the rights of agents against the principal?Q. 4) Explain ? Infringement of copyright? and civil & criminal remedies provided under the act. Q. 5) Explain the scope of IT Act, 2000 and also the following terms; (1) Electronic Governance (2) Hacking with computer syst em Q. 6) Who is a (a) Consumer? (b) Complainant (c) Unfair trade practice Q. 7) Write notes on: (Any Two) (a) Registration of trade mark (b) Define manufacturer, Dealer and Retailer under V. A. T. Act. (c) Undue Influence (d) ————————————————- Extent of Agents Authority Semester ? III Total no of question :7 Total no pages:1 [3178]-303 May 2007M. M. M (semester ? III) examination ? 2007 FINANCIAL SERVICES MARKETING (New course) Time : 3 HoursMax Marks: 70 Instruction 1) Attempt any five questions. 2) All question carry equal marks. Q. 1) What is ? Venture Capital How does it help the enterprise? Q. 2) What are the trends now in Housing Finance? How consumer is benefitted? Q. 3) ? Globalization of Indian Economy since 1991-92 onwards has helped India to develop faster in all respects.? Do you agree? Explain in detail. Q. 4) What is mutual fund? How does it help the small in vestors in present time? Q. 5) What is the ? Merchant BankingWhat are the different services offered to the entrepreneurs? Q. 6) What is Insurance Regulatory Development Authority? How does it help the consumer? Q. 7) Write short notes on any two: (a) Credit Card (b) Retail Banking (c) Mergers and Acquisitions (d) Life Policies and its Valuation ————————————————- Semester ? III Total no of question :6 Total no pages:1 [3178]-304 May 2007 M. M. M (semester ? III) examination ? 2007 INTEGRATED MARKETING COMMUNICATION (New course) Time : 3 HoursMax Marks: 70 Instruction 1) Q. 1 is compulsory and carries ten marks . 2) Solve any four from Q. 2 to Q. , each carrying 15 marks Q. 1) Describe in ten sentences whether advertising is a communication tool and what is its role in marketing communication? Q. 2) Comment on the Advertisement on Adidas shown during the world cup football in more than 250 words. Q. 3) What is Media Planning? What is its significance? Q. 4) Discuss the organisation of an Advertising Agency. Q. 5) Discuss the Marketing Mix of ? Nescafe.? Q. 6) Write short notes: (Any Three) (a) Essentials of a Good Copy. (b) Type of Appeals. (c) Ethics in Marketing Communications (d) ————————————————- Tools of Trade Promotions.Semester ? III Total no of question :9 Total no pages:1 [3178]-305 May 2007 M. M. M (semester ? III) examination ? 2007 RETAIL AND OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT (New course) Time : 3 HoursMax Marks: 60 Instruction 1) Attempt any six questions. 2) All question carry equal marks. Q. 1) Define Marketing Channel and explain how Consumer Marketing Channels differ from Industrial and Services Channels. Q. 2) Explain the purpose of Physical Distribution and briefly describe various components of Physical Distribution. Q. 3) What do yo u mean by Channel Management? Explain various types of Marketing Channels. Q. )Define the terms Retailer, Retailing and Retail Management and explain types of Store and Non-store Retailing. Q. 5) Demonstrate the importance of Store Location and outline the process and types of Store locations with factors influencing decision. Q. 60 Define Interior Store Layout and Explain the steps you follow to plan a good Store Layout. Q. 7) Define Interior Store Atmosphere and briefly describe the elements of Interior Store Atmosphere. Q. 8) Explain the purpose of Retail Communication and elaborate the elements of Retail Communication Mix. Q. 9) Write short notes on any four: (a) New Trends in Retailing b) International Marketing Channel (c) Channel Conflicts (d) Bar Coding (e) Role of IT in Retailing (f) ————————————————- Manufacturer Brands Vs Private Brands Semester ? III Total No. of Questions: 7] [Total No. of Printed Pages: 1 [3178]- 401 May 2007 M. M. M. (Semester-IV) Examination – 2007 BRAND MANAGEMENT (New Course) Time: 3 Hours] [Max. Marks: 70 Instructions : 1) Attempt any five questions. ) All questions carry equal marks. 3) Cite examples wherever necessary. Q. 1) Explain the Concept of Branding. Describe the scope of branding in the evolving markets. Q. 2) Discuss the concept and significance of Brand Equity. Q. 3) Identify major areas of Branding Decisions. Which considerations will impact the decisions? Q. 4) ? Customer Satisfaction? is often called as Mirage. How can it be achieved through Branding? Q. 5) What is a Power Brand? Discuss its features. Q. 6) Write a critical note on the future of FMCG brands in India. Q. 7) Write notes on any two: ) Product Image and Brand Image b) Trade Marks c) Brand Architecture d) ———————————————— - Brand Positioning Semester ? IV Total No. of Questions: 7] [Total No. of Printed Pages: 1 [3178]- 402 May 2007 M. M. M. (Semester-IV) Examination – 2007 STRATEGIC MARKETING (New Course) Time: 3 Hours] [Max. Marks: 70 Instructions : 1) Attempt any five questions. 2) All questions carry equal marks. Q. ) What is Strategy? Outline the steps in the formation of strategy for a business firm. Q. 2) Discuss the concept and the objectives of Strategic Marketing Management. Q. 3) Using the Porter? s Five Forces Model for reference, discuss the current competitive environment in an industrial sector of your choice. Q. 4) Critically examine the process of strategy evaluation in the context of marketing function. What is utility of the evaluation process? Q. 5) A new aviation company is taking shape through the takeover of a ? low profile, low fare? air-line by a ? high-profile? air-line.What sort of positioning strategy will be suitable for the new company? Explain your view-point. Q. 6) Discuss the various pricing strategies along with their merits, demerits and application areas. Q. 7) Write notes on any two: a) BCG Portfolio Matrix b) GE of Cell Matrix c) Distribution through retail-malls d) ————————————————- ?Tows? Matrix Semester ? IV Total No. of Questions: 7] [Total No. of Printed Pages: 1 [3178]- 403 May 2007 M. M. M. (Semester-IV) Examination – 2007EXPORT DOCUMENTATION AND FOREX MANAGEMENT (New Course) Time: 3 Hours] [Max. Marks: 70 Instructions : 3) Attempt any five questions. 4) All questions carry equal marks. Q. 1) Discuss in detail the importance of Documentary Credits in International Business. Bring out the salient features of the UCPDC. Q. 2) Write about the advantages and disadvantages of Exporting as a strategy. Q. 3) Give in details the methodology adopted by an exporter to set up his export business.Also comment on the role of various government agencies in helping him do so. Q. 4) What do you understand by the terms ? Regulatory ? and ? commercial? documents? Give a list of all documents used in International Business in details. Q. 5) Describe the role of various government institutions in promoting experts from India. Write about the role of the EXIM Bank in details. Q. 6) Give in details the process of insurance of goods for Exports. Also mention various types of insurances available to exporters. Q. 7) Write short notes: (Any Two) a) Export Promotion Councils (b) G. S. P (c) Bills of Exchange (d) Back to Back Letter of Credit ————————————————- (e) Sports and Discount Rates Semester ? IV Total No. of Questions: 6] [Total No. of Printed Pages: 1 [3178]- 404 May 2007 M. M. M. (Semester-IV) Examination – 2007 DIRECT MARKETING (New Course) Time: 3 Hours] [Max. Marks: 70 Instructions : 5) Question No. 5. is compulsory. ) Solve any three questions out of the remaining.. Q. 1) Explain the term ? Integrated Marketing Communication? (IMC). How it is different from a Traditional Marketing Communication? Q. 2) Discuss the role and significance of Exhibitions and Trade Fares in the Marketing Communication. Prepare a check-list for organizing the exhibition. Q. 3) A renowned Multinational Company wants to launch its new product in Pune. Design a complete marketing communication programme for this event. (Make and clearly mention necessary assumption wherever necessary) Q. 4) What is ? Corporate CommunicationsWhat are the pre-requisite qualities for a successful corporate communication professional? Q. 5) (A) Comment on increasing use of Technology in the Corporate Presentations. (B) Explain advantages and disadvantage of Direct Marketing. (C) Write a note on ? Press Conference and Press Releases? Q. 6) Write short notes on: (Any Two) (a) Customer Presentations (b) Role of Body Language and Voice Modulations in Corporate Presentations ————————————————- (c) Sales Promotion Brochures Semester ? IV Total No. of Questions: 7] [Total No. f Printed Pages: 1 [3178]- 405 May 2007 M. M. M. (Semester-IV) Examination – 2007 INDUSTRIAL MARKETING (New Course) Time: 3 Hours] [Max. Marks: 70 Instructions : 7) Attempt any five questions. 8) All questions carry equal marks. Q. 1) Present an overview of Industrial Marketing System. Q. 2) What are the Characteristics of Organizational Customers? How does a seller to the buyer? s strength, to succeed in the exchange process? Q. 3) Explain the Interpersonal Dynamics of Industrial Buying.Q. 4) How are the Inducts Products ideally distributed in the market? How is the issue of channel leadership resolved? Q. 5) Critically examine the pricing decision, regarding the Industrial Products. Q. 6) Discuss the me thodology for successfully entering and surviving an International Market with Industrial Products Portfolio. Q. 7) Write notes on any two: (a) Positioning of Industrial Products (b) Segmentation of Industrial Markets (c) Reseller? s Market ————————————————- (d) Economics of Industrial Demand Semester ? IV Total No. f Questions: 6] [Total No. of Printed Pages: 1 [3178]- 406 May 2007 M. M. M. (Semester-IV) Examination -2007 RURAL AND AGRICULTURE MARKETING (New Course) Time: 3 Hours] [Max. Marks: 70 Instructions : (1) Question No. 1 is compulsory. Attempt any three of the remaining questions. (2) Figures to the right indicate marks for that question. (3) Give examples wherever necessary. Q. 1) (A) Suggest the Marketing Mix for a new brand f organic manure ? UTKARSHA? for All India Marketing to be launched in the next three months. [15] (B) Write short notes on any two: [10] a) Supporting Services for Export of Farm Products b) Training and Research in Agricultural Marketing c) Differences in Agricultural and Industrial Marketing Q. 2) Discuss the scope and limitations of Rural Marketing in India. [15] Q. 3) Critically analyze the role of Agriculture in the Economic Development of India. [15] Q. 4) Describe the emerging branches of Agri-business with special reference to the food [15]Processing Industry. Q. 5) (A) Explain the concept of Co-operative Marketing. [06] (B) Examine the reasons for slow progress of Co-operative Sector in India. [09] Q. 6) (A) Give the source for Marketing Information with reference to Agricultural [06] Marketing. (B) ————————————————- Write a note on ? Role of Government in Agricultural Development. [09] Total No. of Questions: 7] [Total No. of Printed Pages: 1 [3178]- 401 M. M. M. (Semester-IV) Examination – 2007